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Java Robot 類完整指南：程式化控制滑鼠鍵盤實現自動化測試與操作

編輯：Java 程式設計入門

前言

java.awt.Robot 類提供程式化控制滑鼠與鍵盤的能力，廣泛應用於自動化測試、桌面自動化腳本、演示錄製等場景。一旦取得控制權，Java 代碼即可模擬任意滑鼠鍵盤操作。

基礎範例：模擬鍵盤輸入 "HI CAOER"

import java.awt.AWTException;
import java.awt.Robot;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class RobotExp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Robot robot = new Robot();
            // 5秒延遲，留時間開啟記事本
            robot.delay(5000);
            
            robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_H);
            robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_I);
            robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_SPACE);
            robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_C);
            robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_A);
            robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_O);
            robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_E);
            robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_R);
        } catch (AWTException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

注意：keyPress 只模擬按下，實際應用需配合 keyRelease 釋放按鍵，否則系統會視為長按。

進階封裝：網友優化版

import java.awt.AWTException;
import java.awt.Robot;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RobotExp {
    // 單鍵按下並釋放
    public static void pressKey(Robot robot, int keyvalue) {
        robot.keyPress(keyvalue);
        robot.keyRelease(keyvalue);
    }
    
    // Shift 組合鍵
    public static void pressKeyWithShift(Robot robot, int keyvalue) {
        robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT);
        robot.keyPress(keyvalue);
        robot.keyRelease(keyvalue);
        robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT);
    }
    
    // 關閉應用程式 (Alt+F4)
    public static void closeApplication(Robot robot) {
        robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ALT);
        robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_F4);
        robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ALT);
        robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_F4);
        // Linux 替代: Alt+W
        robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_N); // 確認不儲存
        robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_N);
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        try {
            Robot robot = new Robot();
            Runtime.getRuntime().exec("notepad"); // 啟動記事本
            robot.delay(3000);
            
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                pressKeyWithShift(robot, KeyEvent.VK_H); // H
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_I);          // i
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_SPACE);      // 空格
                pressKeyWithShift(robot, KeyEvent.VK_I); // I
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_SPACE);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_A);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_M);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_SPACE);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_T);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_H);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_E);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_SPACE);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_J);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_A);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_V);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_A);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_SPACE);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_R);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_O);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_B);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_O);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_T);
                pressKey(robot, KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
            }
            closeApplication(robot);
        } catch (AWTException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

核心 API 速查

方法	說明
`keyPress(int keycode)`	模擬按下指定鍵
`keyRelease(int keycode)`	模擬釋放指定鍵
`mouseMove(int x, int y)`	移動滑鼠至絕對座標
`mousePress(int buttons)`	按下滑鼠鍵 (InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK 等)
`mouseRelease(int buttons)`	釋放滑鼠鍵
`delay(int ms)`	暫停指定毫秒
`createScreenCapture(Rectangle rect)`	截取螢幕區域