Hibernate 連接 MySQL 完整配置範例：hibernate.cfg.xml 核心屬性詳解

標準 hibernate.cfg.xml 範例 (MySQL 5.x/8.x 通用)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
    "https://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
  <session-factory>
    <!-- 顯示 SQL，開發階段建議開啟 -->
    <property name="show_sql">true</property>
    <property name="format_sql">true</property>

    <!-- SQL 方言：MySQL 5.7+ 用 MySQL57Dialect，8.0+ 用 MySQL8Dialect -->
    <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL57Dialect</property>

    <!-- 批次抓取 / 批次刪除優化 -->
    <property name="jdbc.fetch_size">50</property>
    <property name="jdbc.batch_size">30</property>

    <!-- 連線資訊 -->
    <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
    <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dbname?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Taipei&characterEncoding=utf8</property>
    <property name="connection.username">root</property>
    <property name="connection.password">password</property>

    <!-- 連線池 (生產建議改用 HikariCP) -->
    <property name="hibernate.connection.pool_size">10</property>

    <!-- 實體映射檔 -->
    <mapping resource="com/example/entity/User.hbm.xml"/>
    <mapping resource="com/example/entity/Org.hbm.xml"/>
  </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

核心屬性詳細說明

MySQL 8.0 關鍵遷移點

• 驅動包：mysql-connector-java-8.x.jar (Maven: mysql:mysql-connector-java:8.0.x)
• 驅動類：com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver (舊 com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 已棄用)
• URL 參數：useSSL=false (預設 true 會警告)、serverTimezone=Asia/Taipei (避免時區解析錯誤)
• 方言：MySQL8Dialect 支援 CTE、窗口函數、JSON 函數下推
• 認證插件：預設 caching_sha2_password，舊客戶端需在 URL 加 allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true 或用戶改 mysql_native_password

依賴管理

<!-- Maven 範例 -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
  <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
  <version>5.6.15.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>mysql</groupId>
  <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
  <version>8.0.33</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 生產連線池 -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.zaxxer</groupId>
  <artifactId>HikariCP</artifactId>
  <version>5.0.1</version>
</dependency>

常見坑位速查