RPM 方式安裝 MySQL 5.6 完整指南：從移除舊包到字元集優化

環境

• CentOS 6.4 x86_64
• MySQL 5.6.15 RPM 三件套

1. 清理舊版衝突

rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
yum -y remove mysql-libs*

2. 安裝順序（依賴關係）

rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

3. 配置檔就位

cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

4. 初始化與首次登入

/usr/bin/mysql_install_db
service mysql start
cat /root/.mysql_secret
# 例：qKTaFZnl
mysql -uroot -pqKTaFZnl
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');
mysql> EXIT

5. 遠程授權

mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> USE mysql;
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('123456') WHERE user='root';
mysql> UPDATE user SET host='%' WHERE user='root' AND host='localhost';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> EXIT

6. 開機自啟

chkconfig mysql on
chkconfig --list | grep mysql

7. RPM 預設路徑速查

8. 字元集與大小寫優化 my.cnf

[client]
password=123456
port=3306
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
port=3306
character_set_server=utf8
character_set_client=utf8
collation_server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names=1
max_connections=1000

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

• lower_case_table_names=1：表名不區分大小寫（Windows 習慣），Linux 預設 0 區分
• 查看字元集：SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%char%'; / SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%collation%';

RPM 升級路徑

# 5.6.x → 5.6.y
rpm -Uvh MySQL-server-5.6.y.rpm MySQL-client-5.6.y.rpm MySQL-devel-5.6.y.rpm
service mysql restart
mysql_upgrade -uroot -p

RPM 方式標準化程度高，適合批量部署、配置管理工具（Ansible/SaltStack）托管。