環境需求
- 安裝 MSXML 4.0/6.0（SDK 包含
msxml.h、msxml.lib）。
- 專案設定：
#import rename_namespace("MSXML2") 或包含標頭檔連結 msxml2.lib。
- 啟用 COM：
CoInitialize(NULL) / CoUninitialize()。
建立 XML 文件（寫入）
void CreateXml()
{
HRESULT hr = CoInitialize(NULL);
MSXML2::IXMLDOMDocumentPtr pDoc;
hr = pDoc.CreateInstance(__uuidof(MSXML2::DOMDocument60));
if (FAILED(hr)) { AfxMessageBox(_T("建立 DOMDocument 失敗")); return; }
// 根節點
MSXML2::IXMLDOMElementPtr pRoot = pDoc->createElement(_bstr_t("Book"));
pRoot->setAttribute(_bstr_t("id"), _variant_t("123"));
pDoc->appendChild(pRoot);
// 子節點
MSXML2::IXMLDOMElementPtr pNode = pDoc->createElement(_bstr_t("Author"));
pNode->put_Text(_bstr_t("張三"));
pRoot->appendChild(pNode);
// 子節點
pNode = pDoc->createElement(_bstr_t("Title"));
pNode->put_Text(_bstr_t("XML 入門"));
pRoot->appendChild(pNode);
// 儲存
pDoc->save(_variant_t("D:\\book.xml"));
CoUninitialize();
}</code></pre>
<h2>讀取 XML 文件（三種查詢方式）</h2>
<pre><code>void ReadXml()
{
MSXML2::IXMLDOMDocumentPtr pDoc;
pDoc.CreateInstance(__uuidof(MSXML2::DOMDocument60));
pDoc->async = VARIANT_FALSE; // 同步載入
pDoc->load(_variant_t("D:\\book.xml"));
// 方式一：XPath 查詢根節點
MSXML2::IXMLDOMNodePtr pBook = pDoc->selectSingleNode(_bstr_t("//Book"));
// 方式二：直接取 DocumentElement
// MSXML2::IXMLDOMElementPtr pRoot = pDoc->documentElement;
// 取屬性 id
_variant_t varId = pBook->getAttribute(_bstr_t("id"));
CString strId = (LPCTSTR)_bstr_t(varId);
// 取子節點文字
MSXML2::IXMLDOMNodePtr pAuthor = pBook->selectSingleNode(_bstr_t("Author"));
MSXML2::IXMLDOMNodePtr pTitle = pBook->selectSingleNode(_bstr_t("Title"));
CString strAuthor = (LPCTSTR)pAuthor->text;
CString strTitle = (LPCTSTR)pTitle->text;
// 顯示結果
AfxMessageBox(_T("ID: ") + strId + _T("\nAuthor: ") + strAuthor + _T("\nTitle: ") + strTitle);
}</code></pre>
<h2>常用操作速查表</h2>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
<tr><th>操作</th><th>方法/屬性</th><th>備註</th></tr>
<tr><td>建立元素</td><td><code>createElement(bstrName)</code></td><td>回傳 <code>IXMLDOMElementPtr</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>設定屬性</td><td><code>setAttribute(name, value)</code></td><td><code>value</code> 為 <code>_variant_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>取得屬性</td><td><code>getAttribute(name)</code></td><td>回傳 <code>_variant_t</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>設定文字內容</td><td><code>put_Text(bstrText)</code> 或 <code>text = bstr</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>取得文字內容</td><td><code>get_Text()</code> 或 <code>text</code> 屬性</td><td>回傳 <code>BSTR</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>附加子節點</td><td><code>appendChild(node)</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>XPath 單節點</td><td><code>selectSingleNode(xpath)</code></td><td><code>//Book</code> 任意層級</td></tr>
<tr><td>XPath 多節點</td><td><code>selectNodes(xpath)</code></td><td>回傳 <code>IXMLDOMNodeListPtr</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>儲存檔案</td><td><code>save(variantPath)</code></td><td>路徑或 <code>IStream</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>載入檔案</td><td><code>load(variantPath)</code></td><td>同步需設 <code>async = false</code></td></tr>
</table>
<h2>錯誤處理提示</h2>
<ul>
<li>檢查 <code>pDoc->parseError->errorCode</code> 非 <code>S_OK</code> 時，取得 <code>reason</code>、<code>line</code>、<code>linepos</code> 進行診斷。</li>
<li>大量資料建議使用 <code>SAX</code> ( <code>ISAXXMLReader</code> ) 流式解析，避免 DOM 佔用過多記憶體。</li>
<li>命名空間 XML 需設定 <code>SelectionNamespaces</code> 屬性後再用 XPath。</li>
</ul>
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