系統版本確認
# 任一指令均可
lsb_release -a
cat /etc/redhat-release
rpm -q centos-release
基礎安裝流程（適用 6.5 / 7）
# 1. 安裝 Apache
yum install -y httpd
# 2. 啟動並設定開機自啟
# CentOS 7
systemctl start httpd
systemctl enable httpd
# CentOS 6.5
service httpd start
chkconfig --levels 235 httpd on
# 3. 安裝 PHP（預設版本視 yum 源而定，通常 5.4/5.6）
yum install -y php
# 4. 重啟 Apache 載入 PHP 模組
# CentOS 7
systemctl restart httpd
# CentOS 6.5
service httpd restart
驗證安裝
# 檢查版本
php -v
httpd -v
# 建立測試頁
echo ' /var/www/html/info.php
# 瀏覽器訪問 https://IP/info.php
升級至 PHP 5.6 / 7.x (Webtatic 源)
# CentOS 6.x
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm
# CentOS 7.x
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/epel-release.rpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
# 安裝 PHP 5.6 完整套件
yum install -y php56w php56w-cli php56w-fpm php56w-mysql \
php56w-mbstring php56w-mcrypt php56w-gd php56w-xml \
php56w-pdo php56w-opcache
# 或 PHP 7.2
yum install -y php72w php72w-cli php72w-fpm ...
# 重啟服務
systemctl restart httpd # 或 service httpd restart
常用模組安裝補充
# 若遺漏 mbstring 等
yum install -y php56w-mbstring
systemctl restart httpd
關鍵路徑速查
| 用途 | 路徑 |
|---|
| Apache 主配置 | /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf |
| 虛擬主機配置目錄 | /etc/httpd/conf.d/ |
| 模組配置 | /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/ |
| 網站根目錄 | /var/www/html/ |
| 錯誤/存取日誌 | /var/log/httpd/ |
| PHP 配置 | /etc/php.ini |
yum 失敗排查
# 清理快取
yum clean all
yum makecache
# 更換阿里雲/清華源 (CentOS 7)
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak
wget -O CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum makecache
安全建議
- 修改
php.ini：expose_php=Off、display_errors=Off、cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
- Apache 啟用
mod_security、隱藏版本號 ServerTokens Prod
- 防火牆僅開放 80/443：
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
