RHEL 5.3 源碼編譯搭建 LAMP + Django 整合開發環境

專案背景

企業業務需同時支援 PHP (既有系統) 與 Python Django (新專案) 開發框架，決定在同一伺服器建立 LAMP + Django 共存環境，共用 Apache 前端、MySQL 資料庫，透過 mod_wsgi 整合 Django。

環境規劃

• OS：RHEL 5.3 (2.6.18 kernel)
• 安裝前綴：/usr/local/apache、/usr/local/mysql、/usr/local/php、/usr/local/python
• 核心源碼包：
  • Django-1.2.5.tar.gz
  • httpd-2.2.14.tar.gz
  • mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz
  • php-5.2.5.tar.gz
  • mod_wsgi-3.3.tar.gz
  • freetds-stable0.64.tgz (SQL Server 連接)
  • gd-2.0.33.tar.gz
• 系統級依賴：yum -y install lib* freetype* zlib-devel openssl-devel pcre-devel libxml2-devel curl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel

Apache 編譯安裝 (支援 mod_wsgi、SSL、Rewrite)

1. 建立運行用戶/群組：

   groupadd htdocs
   useradd -g htdocs -s /sbin/nologin htdocs
   

2. 解壓並編譯：

   tar zxvf httpd-2.2.14.tar.gz
   cd httpd-2.2.14
   ./configure \
     --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
     --enable-dav --enable-dav-fs \
     --enable-so \
     --enable-modules=most \
     --enable-mods-shared=all \
     --enable-info \
     --enable-rewrite \
     --enable-deflate \
     --enable-ssl \
     --with-mpm=prefork
   make && make install
   

MySQL 編譯安裝

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql

tar zxvf mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.45
./configure \
  --prefix=/usr/local/mysql \
  --with-charset=utf8 --with-collation=utf8_general_ci \
  --with-extra-charsets=all \
  --with-plugins=innobase,myisam,partition
make && make install

cd /usr/local/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld; chkconfig mysqld on
service mysqld start

PHP 編譯安裝 (標準 LAMP 配置)

tar zxvf php-5.2.5.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.5
./configure \
  --prefix=/usr/local/php \
  --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs \
  --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
  --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \
  --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
  --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \
  --enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --enable-ftp --enable-gd-native-ttf \
  --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir \
  --with-curl --with-openssl --with-mcrypt --with-mhash \
  --enable-bcmath --enable-zip --enable-soap --enable-calendar
make && make install

cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
# 編輯 php.ini 設定 date.timezone、error_log 等

Python 2.6 + Django + mod_wsgi 整合

1. 安裝 Python 2.6 (RHEL 5 預設 2.4，需升級)：

   
   wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.6.9/Python-2.6.9.tgz
   tar zxvf Python-2.6.9.tgz
   cd Python-2.6.9
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python26 --enable-shared --enable-unicode=ucs4
   make && make install
   echo "/usr/local/python26/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/python26.conf
   ldconfig
   

2. 安裝 setuptools/pip：

   
   wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py -O - | /usr/local/python26/bin/python
   wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -O - | /usr/local/python26/bin/python
   

3. 安裝 Django：

   
   /usr/local/python26/bin/pip install Django==1.2.5
   

4. 編譯安裝 mod_wsgi (綁定 Python 2.6)：

   
   tar zxvf mod_wsgi-3.3.tar.gz
   cd mod_wsgi-3.3
   ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-python=/usr/local/python26/bin/python
   make && make install
   # 輸出：modules/mod_wsgi.so 已複製至 Apache modules 目錄
   

5. Apache 載入 mod_wsgi 並配置 Django 站點：

   
   # httpd.conf 新增
   LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so
   
   # 虛擬主機範例
   <VirtualHost *:80>
       ServerName django.example.com
       DocumentRoot /var/www/html/django_project/public
       
       WSGIDaemonProcess django_project python-path=/var/www/html/django_project:/usr/local/python26/lib/python2.6/site-packages
       WSGIProcessGroup django_project
       WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/html/django_project/django_project/wsgi.py
       
       <Directory /var/www/html/django_project/django_project>
           <Files wsgi.py>
               Require all granted
           </Files>
       </Directory>
       
       Alias /static/ /var/www/html/django_project/static/
       <Directory /var/www/html/django_project/static>
           Require all granted
       </Directory>
       
       Alias /media/ /var/www/html/django_project/media/
       <Directory /var/www/html/django_project/media>
           Require all granted
       </Directory>
   </VirtualHost>
   

6. 重啟 Apache 驗證：

   
   /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart
   

共用資料庫配置

PHP 與 Django 共用同一 MySQL 實例，分別建立獨立資料庫與用戶：

-- PHP 應用
CREATE DATABASE php_app CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
GRANT ALL ON php_app.* TO 'php_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'php_pass';

-- Django 應用
CREATE DATABASE django_app CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
GRANT ALL ON django_app.* TO 'django_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'django_pass';

Django settings.py 配置：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'django_app',
        'USER': 'django_user',
        'PASSWORD': 'django_pass',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '3306',
        'OPTIONS': {'init_command': "SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'"},
    }
}

常見問題與解決

維護建議

• 定期備份 /usr/local/apache/conf、/usr/local/php/etc、/var/www/html、MySQL 資料目錄。
• 監控 Apache error_log、Django logs/django.log、PHP error_log。
• 升級策略：PHP/Apache/MySQL 升級遵循 LAMP 流程；Django 升級在 virtualenv 隔離環境測試後修改 WSGI python-path。