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IntelliJ IDEA 搭建 Maven + SpringMVC + MyBatis 企業級專案全攻略

編輯：Java 綜合教學

專案建立與目錄結構

File → New → Project → Maven → 勾選 Create from archetype → webapp（或手動建立標準 Maven 目錄）。
GroupId: com.example、ArtifactId: springmvc-mybatis-demo、Version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT、Packaging: war。

標準目錄：

src
├─ main
│  ├─ java/com/example/{controller,service,dao,entity,config,common}
│  ├─ resources/config/{applicationContext,spring-mvc,mybatis,jdbc,log4j,freemarker}.xml
│  └─ webapp/WEB-INF/{views,web.xml}
└─ test

核心依賴：pom.xml 精簡版（Spring 4.2.5 + MyBatis 3.3）

<properties>
    <spring.version>4.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring 全家桶 -->
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-test</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version><scope>test</scope></dependency>
    <!-- MyBatis -->
    <dependency><groupId>org.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mybatis</artifactId><version>3.3.1</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId><version>1.2.4</version></dependency>
    <!-- 資料庫/連線池 -->
    <dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.47</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>com.zaxxer</groupId><artifactId>HikariCP</artifactId><version>3.4.5</version></dependency> <!-- 推薦替換 DBCP/C3P0 -->
    <!-- 日誌 -->
    <dependency><groupId>log4j</groupId><artifactId>log4j</artifactId><version>1.2.17</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.slf4j</groupId><artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId><version>1.7.30</version></dependency>
    <!-- Web/工具 -->
    <dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>jstl</artifactId><version>1.2</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId><artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId><version>1.4</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId><artifactId>gson</artifactId><version>2.8.6</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
    <finalName>springmvc-mybatis-demo</finalName>
    <plugins>
        <!-- 內嵌 Jetty 快速啟動 -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
            <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>9.4.35.v20201120</version>
            <configuration>
                <scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>
                <webApp><contextPath>/</contextPath></webApp>
                <httpConnector><port>8080</port></httpConnector>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

Web 容器配置：web.xml (Servlet 3.0)

<web-app xmlns="https://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" version="3.0">
    <display-name>SpringMVC MyBatis Demo</display-name>

    <!-- Spring 容器啟動 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener>

    <!-- 編碼過濾器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param><param-name>encoding</param-name><param-value>UTF-8</param-value></init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping><filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping>

    <!-- Spring MVC DispatcherServlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:config/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping><servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name><url-pattern>/</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

Spring 業務層配置：applicationContext.xml 關鍵點

<beans ...>
    <!-- 掃描 Service/Dao -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.service, com.example.dao" />

    <!-- 屬性檔 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config/jdbc.properties" />

    <!-- HikariCP 資料源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource">
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
        <property name="maximumPoolSize" value="20"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- MyBatis SqlSessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:config/mybatis-config.xml"/>
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/**/*.xml"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- Mapper 掃描器 -->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.example.dao"/>
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 事務管理 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" /> <!-- 建議用註解 @Transactional -->
</beans>

MyBatis 配置：mybatis-config.xml

<configuration>
    <settings>
        <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/> <!-- 駝峰映射 -->
        <setting name="logImpl" value="SLF4J"/>
    </settings>
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.example.entity"/>
    </typeAliases>
</configuration>

Spring MVC 配置：spring-mvc.xml

<beans ...>
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.controller" />

    <!-- 靜態資源 -->
    <mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/static/" />

    <!-- Freemarker 視圖解析器 -->
    <bean id="freemarkerConfig" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer">
        <property name="templateLoaderPath" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerViewResolver">
        <property name="suffix" value=".ftl"/>
        <property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8"/>
        <property name="exposeRequestAttributes" value="true"/>
        <property name="exposeSessionAttributes" value="true"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 檔案上傳 -->
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="5242880"/> <!-- 5MB -->
    </bean>
</beans>

啟動驗證

IDEA 右側 Maven 面板 → Plugins → jetty → jetty:run。
瀏覽器訪問 https://localhost:8080/。
Controller 範例：@RequestMapping("/hello") @ResponseBody public String hello() { return "Hello SpringMVC+MyBatis!"; }

遷移建議：Spring Boot 化

新專案強烈建議直接使用 Spring Boot 2.x/3.x：spring-boot-starter-web、spring-boot-starter-mybatis、application.yml 取代上述所有 XML，啟動類一行 @SpringBootApplication 即可，內嵌 Tomcat/Jetty、自動配置、健康檢查開箱即用。