SpringMVC + MyBatis 整合完整指南：三層架構、Mapper 掃描、事務控制、Controller 開發全流程

整合架構圖

Spring MVC (表現層) → Service (業務層) → MyBatis Mapper (持久層)
        ↑                    ↑                  ↑
   DispatcherServlet   @Transactional      SqlSessionFactory
   HandlerMapping      AOP 織入            MapperScanner
   ViewResolver

模組 1：Dao 層整合

1.1 MyBatis 核心配置

# SqlMapConfig.xml
<configuration>
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.luchao.pojo"/>  <!-- 批量別名，類名即別名 -->
    </typeAliases>
</configuration>

1.2 Spring 管理數據源 + SqlSessionFactory + Mapper 掃描

# applicationContext-dao.xml
<beans ...>
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>

    <!-- DBCP 數據源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
        <property name="maxActive" value="10"/>
        <property name="maxIdle" value="5"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- SqlSessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis/SqlMapConfig.xml"/>
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- Mapper 掃描器：自動註冊所有 Mapper 介面為 Bean -->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.luchao.mapper"/>
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

模組 2：Service 層整合與事務控制

2.1 Service 介面與實現

public interface ItemsService {
    List<ItemsCustom> findItemsList(ItemsQueryVo vo) throws Exception;
}

@Service
public class ItemsServiceImpl implements ItemsService {
    @Autowired
    private ItemsMapperCustom itemsMapperCustom;

    @Override
    public List<ItemsCustom> findItemsList(ItemsQueryVo vo) throws Exception {
        return itemsMapperCustom.findItemsList(vo);
    }
}

2.2 Spring 註冊 Service Bean

# applicationContext-service.xml
<bean id="itemsService" class="com.luchao.service.ItemsServiceImpl"/>

2.3 宣告式事務配置

# applicationContext-transaction.xml
<beans ...>
    <!-- 事務管理器：使用 JDBC DataSourceTransactionManager -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <!-- 引用 dao 層 dataSource -->
    </bean>

    <!-- 事務屬性：增刪改 REQUIRED，查詢 READ_ONLY -->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="find*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="get*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="select*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <!-- AOP 切點：所有 service 包下方法 -->
    <aop:config>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut="execution(* com.luchao.service.*.*(..))"/>
    </aop:config>
</beans>

模組 3：SpringMVC 配置

3.1 核心配置

# springmvc.xml
<beans ...>
    <!-- 掃描 Controller -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.luchao.controller"/>

    <!-- 註解驅動：HandlerMapping + HandlerAdapter + HttpMessageConverter -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!-- 視圖解析器：JSP -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

3.2 web.xml 部署 DispatcherServlet

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> <!-- 非 /*, 避免靜態資源攔截 -->
</servlet-mapping>

<!-- 載入 Spring 容器（dao/service/tx 配置） -->
<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/spring/applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

模組 4：Controller 開發範例

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/items")
public class ItemController {

    @Autowired
    private ItemsService itemsService;

    @RequestMapping("/queryItems")
    public ModelAndView queryItems() throws Exception {
        List<ItemsCustom> list = itemsService.findItemsList(null);
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("itemsList", list);          // 對應 JSP ${itemsList}
        mv.setViewName("items/itemsList");        // 視圖解析器拼接：/WEB-INF/jsp/items/itemsList.jsp
        return mv;
    }
}

關鍵點總結表

進階優化建議

1. 改用 DruidDataSource 替換 DBCP，支援監控、防 SQL 注入。
2. MyBatis 開啟 mapUnderscoreToCamelCase=true，自動駝峰映射。
3. Service 層改用 @Transactional 註解替代 XML AOP，更靈活控制回滾條件。
4. 引入 PageHelper 分頁插件，一行代碼實現物理分頁。
5. Controller 返回 ResponseEntity<T> 或統一 Result<T>，前後端分離更友好。

完成上述配置，即可擁有一個標準化、可維護、事務安全的 SpringMVC + MyBatis 專案骨架。