Eclipse 連接 MySQL 數據庫完整教程：JDBC 驅動配置、建表、CRUD 驗證

環境準備

• Eclipse 4.5.2 (Mars)
• MySQL 5.6+
• JDBC 驅動：mysql-connector-java-5.1.7-bin.jar

步驟 1：導入驅動包

1. 專案右鍵 → New → Folder → 命名 lib
2. 將 jar 複製到 lib
3. jar 右鍵 → Build Path → Add to Build Path
4. 驗證：專案 → Properties → Java Build Path → Libraries 出現該 jar

步驟 2：MySQL 建表

CREATE DATABASE test1;
USE test1;
CREATE TABLE user (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    name VARCHAR(50),
    password VARCHAR(50)
);
INSERT INTO user (name, password) VALUES ('zhangsan', '123456');

步驟 3：JDBC 核心代碼

package com.demo;

import java.sql.*;

public class MysqlJdbc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1. 加載驅動
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            System.out.println("Success loading Mysql Driver!");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.print("Error loading Mysql Driver!");
            e.printStackTrace();
            return;
        }

        // 2. 獲取連接
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1";
        String user = "root";
        String pwd = "123456";  // 修改為你的密碼
        try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pwd)) {
            System.out.println("Success connect Mysql server!");

            // 3. 執行查詢
            try (Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
                 ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM user")) {
                while (rs.next()) {
                    System.out.println("name = " + rs.getString("name"));
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.print("get data error!");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

關鍵參數說明

常見錯誤排查

• ClassNotFoundException：jar 未加入 Build Path
• Communications link failure：MySQL 未啟動、端口錯誤、防火牆攔截
• Access denied：用戶名/密碼錯誤、權限不足
• Unknown database：數據庫名拼寫錯誤
• Public Key Retrieval is not allowed：MySQL 8.0+ 需 URL 加 ?allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&useSSL=false

進階建議

• 使用連接池（Druid/HikariCP）替換直連
• 預編譯 PreparedStatement 防注入、提升性能
• try-with-resources 自動關閉資源（JDK 7+）
• 引入 MyBatis/JPA 簡化持久層開發