Dubbo + Zookeeper + SpringMVC + MyBatis 分布式服務實戰全攻略

三、核心代碼實現

1. API 模塊：接口與實體

// User.java - 實體
public class User implements Serializable {
    private long id; private String username, password; private int age;
    // getter/setter
}

// UserService.java - 服務接口
public interface UserService {
    List<User> getUserByMap(Map<String, Object> paramMap);
    void insertUser(User user);
}

2. 提供者實現：DAO + Service + MyBatis

// UserDAOImpl.java - MyBatis Template 方式
@Repository("userDAO")
public class UserDAOImpl implements UserDAO {
    @Autowired private SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate;
    private static final String INSERT = "com.yesen.model.userMapper.insertUser";
    private static final String LISTBY = "com.yesen.model.userMapper.listBy";

    public List<User> getUserByMap(Map<String, Object> paramMap) {
        return sqlSessionTemplate.getSqlSessionFactory().openSession().selectList(LISTBY, paramMap);
    }
    public void insertUser(User user) {
        sqlSessionTemplate.getSqlSessionFactory().openSession().insert(INSERT, user);
    }
}

// UserServiceImpl.java
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Autowired private UserDAO userDAO;
    // 透傳調用 DAO
}

3. MyBatis 映射：userMapper.xml

<mapper namespace="com.yesen.model.userMapper">
  <resultMap id="userMap" type="user">
    <id column="id" property="id"/>
    <result column="username" property="username"/>
    <result column="password" property="password"/>
    <result column="age" property="age"/>
  </resultMap>

  <insert id="insertUser" parameterType="user" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
    INSERT INTO user (USERNAME, PASSWORD, AGE) VALUES (#{username}, #{password}, #{age})
  </insert>

  <select id="listBy" parameterType="map" resultMap="userMap">
    SELECT ID, USERNAME, PASSWORD, AGE FROM user
    <where>
      <if test="username != null"> AND USERNAME = #{username} </if>
      <if test="password != null"> AND PASSWORD = #{password} </if>
    </where>
    ORDER BY id DESC
    <if test="rowNum != null"> LIMIT #{rowNum} </if>
  </select>
</mapper>

4. Dubbo 服務暴露：dubbo-service.xml

<beans xmlns:dubbo="https://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo">
  <bean id="userService" class="com.yesen.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/>
  <dubbo:application name="banksteel-user-provider"/>
  <dubbo:registry address="localhost:2181" protocol="zookeeper"/>
  <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" id="mydubbo"/>
  <dubbo:service interface="com.yesen.service.UserService" ref="userService"/>
</beans>

5. 消費者引用：dubbo-user.xml

<beans xmlns:dubbo="https://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo">
  <dubbo:application name="banksteel-userapp"/>
  <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://localhost:2181" protocol="zookeeper"/>
  <dubbo:reference interface="com.yesen.service.UserService" id="userService" check="false" timeout="10000"/>
</beans>

6. SpringMVC 控制器

@Controller
public class UserController {
    @Autowired private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("/create")
    public String createUser(HttpServletRequest request, Model model) {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername(request.getParameter("username"));
        user.setPassword(request.getParameter("password"));
        user.setAge(Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("age")));
        userService.insertUser(user);
        model.addAttribute("message", user.getUsername());
        return "insertSuccess";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/query")
    public String queryUser(String username, Model model) {
        List<User> list = userService.getUserByMap(new HashMap<>());
        model.addAttribute("userList", list);
        return "userInfo";
    }
}

四、啟動部署全流程

1. 啟動 Zookeeper

cd zookeeper-3.4.6/bin
zkServer.cmd   (Windows)  或  ./zkServer.sh start (Linux)
# 驗證：zkCli.cmd → ls /dubbo 應為空

2. 打包並啟動提供者

# 在 banksteel-yesen 父項目
mvn clean install -DskipTests

# 複製產出物
cp banksteel-yesen-provider/target/banksteel-yesen-provider-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar  D:/
cp -r banksteel-yesen-provider/target/lib  D:/

# 執行（Main-Class: com.alibaba.dubbo.container.Main）
java -jar banksteel-yesen-provider-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

3. 驗證註冊中心

zkCli.cmd
ls /dubbo
# 應看到 [com.yesen.service.UserService] 節點

4. 啟動消費者 Web 應用

# 部署 banksteel-userapp.war 到 Tomcat 8
# 訪問 https://localhost:8080/banksteel-user-app/create?username=test&password=123&age=20

五、Dubbo Monitor 監控中心部署

# 解壓 dubbo-monitor-simple-2.5.4-SNAPSHOT-assembly.tar.gz
cd conf
# 編輯 dubbo.properties
dubbo.registry.address=zookeeper://localhost:2181
dubbo.protocol.port=7070

cd bin
start.bat   (Windows) 或 ./start.sh (Linux)

# 瀏覽器訪問 https://localhost:8080/services.html

六、常見坑與最佳實踐

七、生產化建議

• 註冊中心高可用：Zookeeper 3-5 節點集群
• 服務治理：遷移至 Nacos 或 Consul，支援配置中心、熔斷限流
• 監控升級：接入 Prometheus + Grafana 或 SkyWalking 做全鏈路追蹤
• 打包發布：使用 maven-assembly-plugin 生成 tar.gz，解壓即運行 ./start.sh
• 版本升級：建議升級至 Dubbo 2.7+/3.0（支援 Spring Boot、Triple 協議、GraalVM）

「Dubbo 入門易、精通難。關鍵在於理解『接口契約』、『註冊發現』、『負載均衡』、『容錯重試』四大核心機制。」

完整源碼下載：dubbo例子.rar
如有疑問，歡迎留言交流！🤝