Axis 1.x開發Web Service實戰：從WSDL到Stub的完整流程

Axis是經典Web Service框架，支持Stubs模式（靜態代理）開發。本文記錄Axis 1.x在Tomcat 5+Eclipse環境下的完整部署調試流程。

環境準備

• J2SE SDK 1.4
• Tomcat 5.0
• Eclipse 3.2
• Axis安裝包（xml.apache.org）

將Axis相關jar放入WEB-INF/lib，可選包activation.jar、mail.jar、xmlsec.jar同目錄。

服務端開發

1. 業務實現類

package server;
public class SayHello {
    public String getName(String name) {
        return "hello " + name;
    }
}

2. 部署描述符 deploy.wsdd

<deployment xmlns="https://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/" xmlns:java="https://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java">
  <service name="SayHello" provider="java:RPC" style="wrapped" use="literal">
    <parameter name="className" value="server.SayHello"/>
    <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="*"/>
  </service>
</deployment>

3. 發布腳本 deploy.bat

set Axis_Lib=D:\workspace\test\WEB-INF\lib
set Java_Cmd=java -Djava.ext.dirs=%Axis_Lib%
set Axis_Servlet=https://localhost:8080/test/servlet/AxisServlet
%Java_Cmd% org.apache.axis.client.AdminClient -l %Axis_Servlet% deploy.wsdd

執行後訪問https://localhost:8080/test/services查看服務列表。

客戶端生成與調用

1. 獲取WSDL

瀏覽器訪問https://localhost:8080/test/services/SayHello?wsdl下載SayHello.wsdl。

2. 生成Stub腳本 WSDL2Java.bat

set Axis_Lib=D:\workspace\test\WEB-INF\lib
set Java_Cmd=java -Djava.ext.dirs=%Axis_Lib%
set Output_Path=D:\workspace\test\src
set Package=server
%Java_Cmd% org.apache.axis.wsdl.WSDL2Java -o %Output_Path% -p %Package% SayHello.wsdl

生成四個文件：

• SayHello.java (SEI接口)
• SayHelloService.java (Service工廠)
• SayHelloServiceLocator.java (定位器)
• SayHelloSoapBindingStub.java (Stub實現)

3. 客戶端調用代碼

public class TestWSClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SayHelloService service = new SayHelloServiceLocator();
        SayHello_PortType client = service.getSayHello();
        String result = client.getName("clientname");
        System.out.println(result);  // 輸出: hello clientname
    }
}

JUnit集成測試

public class TestWSClient extends TestCase {
    public void testSayHello() throws Exception {
        SayHelloService service = new SayHelloServiceLocator();
        SayHello_PortType client = service.getSayHello();
        assertEquals("hello clientname", client.getName("clientname"));
    }
}

注意事項

• Axis 1.x屬於第一代Web Service棧，新項目建議用CXF/JAX-WS (Metro)
• Stubs模式優於DII/Dynamic Proxy：類型安全、IDE提示、性能較好
• 複雜類型需在WSDD中聲明typeMapping
• 生產環境建議啟用WS-Security、採用文檔風格