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Spring MVC + MyBatis 整合配置實戰：從 Maven 依賴到完整 XML 配置詳解

編輯：Java 相關知識

專案依賴

<properties>
    <spring.version>4.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <jackson.version>2.9.8</jackson.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring 核心 -->
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-core</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-web</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-test</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version><scope>test</scope></dependency>

    <!-- MyBatis -->
    <dependency><groupId>org.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mybatis</artifactId><version>3.2.8</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId><version>1.2.2</version></dependency>

    <!-- 資料庫 -->
    <dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.34</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>druid</artifactId><version>1.0.12</version></dependency>

    <!-- AOP/事務 -->
    <dependency><groupId>org.aspectj</groupId><artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId><version>1.8.4</version></dependency>

    <!-- 日誌 -->
    <dependency><groupId>log4j</groupId><artifactId>log4j</artifactId><version>1.2.17</version></dependency>

    <!-- Web -->
    <dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId><version>3.0-alpha-1</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>jstl</artifactId><version>1.2</version></dependency>

    <!-- JSON -->
    <dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId><version>${jackson.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.3</version></dependency>

    <!-- 檔案上傳 -->
    <dependency><groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId><artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId><version>1.2.2</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>commons-io</groupId><artifactId>commons-io</artifactId><version>2.4</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

配置檔架構


src/main/resources/
├── spring.xml              # 核心容器：Service/Component 掃描、屬性檔
├── spring-mvc.xml          # Web 層：Controller 掃描、視圖解析、JSON 轉換
├── spring-mybatis.xml      # 資料層：DataSource、SqlSessionFactory、Mapper 掃描、事務管理
├── config.properties       # JDBC 參數
└── log4j.properties        # 日誌配置

核心配置詳解

1. spring.xml - 業務層容器

<beans ...>
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config.properties" />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.demo.report.web.service" />
</beans>

2. spring-mvc.xml - Web MVC 配置

<beans ...>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.demo.report.web.controller" />
    
    <!-- 避免 IE 下載 JSON -->
    <bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
        <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
            <list><value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value></list>
        </property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 註解驅動適配器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
        <property name="messageConverters">
            <list><ref bean="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" /></list>
        </property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 視圖解析器 (無前後綴，支援 JSP/Thymeleaf 絕對路徑) -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
        <property name="prefix" value="" />
        <property name="suffix" value="" />
    </bean>
</beans>

3. spring-mybatis.xml - 資料存取與事務

<beans ...>
    <!-- Druid 高效能連線池 -->
    <bean name="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
        <property name="initialSize" value="0" />
        <property name="maxActive" value="20" />
        <property name="minIdle" value="0" />
        <property name="maxWait" value="60000" />
        <property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="true" />
        <property name="maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize" value="33" />
        <property name="validationQuery" value="${validationQuery}" />
        <property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" />
        <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000" />
        <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="25200000" />
        <property name="removeAbandoned" value="true" />
        <property name="removeAbandonedTimeout" value="1800" />
        <property name="logAbandoned" value="true" />
        <property name="filters" value="mergeStat" /> <!-- 監控統計 -->
    </bean>

    <!-- MyBatis SqlSessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/demo/report/web/mapper/*.xml" />
    </bean>

    <!-- Mapper 掃描器：自動建立 Mapper 介面代理 -->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.demo.report.web.mapper" />
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 事務管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 可選：註解驅動事務 -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
</beans>

4. web.xml - 容器啟動配置

<web-app version="3.0" ...>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring.xml,classpath:spring-mybatis.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param><param-name>encoding</param-name><param-value>utf-8</param-value></init-param>
        <init-param><param-name>forceEncoding</param-name><param-value>true</param-value></init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping><filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping>
    
    <listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener>
    <listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class></listener>
    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>rest</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value></init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping><servlet-name>rest</servlet-name><url-pattern>/</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>
    
    <!-- Druid 監控頁面 -->
    <servlet><servlet-name>DruidStatView</servlet-name><servlet-class>com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet</servlet-class></servlet>
    <servlet-mapping><servlet-name>DruidStatView</servlet-name><url-pattern>/druid/*</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>
    
    <session-config><session-timeout>30</session-timeout></session-config>
    <welcome-file-list><welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file></welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

關鍵設計決策解析

決策點	選擇	理由
連線池	Druid	高效能、監控強、防棄用連線、支援 PSCache
Mapper 配置	MapperScannerConfigurer + XML	免寫 MyBatis 核心配置檔、介面與 XML 分離、支援多模組
事務管理	DataSourceTransactionManager + @Transactional	Spring 標準、支援傳播行為/隔離級別/唯讀優化
JSON 轉換	Jackson 2 (MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter)	Spring 4.1+ 預設、效能佳、支援 Java 8 時間類型
視圖解析	InternalResourceViewResolver (空前綴/後綴)	支援 Controller 直接回傳完整 JSP 路徑 (如 /WEB-INF/views/xxx.jsp)

常見問題與排查

Mapper 注入失敗：檢查 basePackage 是否包含 Mapper 介面、XML 命名是否對應 (介面名 + .xml)、mapperLocations 路徑。
事務不生效：確認 @Transactional 在 public 方法上、Spring 掃描到該 Bean、資料源為同一 DataSource。
Druid 監控 404：確認 StatViewServlet 映射路徑、filters=mergeStat、瀏覽 /druid/index.html。
中文亂碼：CharacterEncodingFilter 必須在 **第一個** filter-mapping、forceEncoding=true。

升級建議 (Spring 5 / 6 / Boot 2/3)

Spring 5+：WebMvcConfigurer 替代 XML、RequestMappingHandlerAdapter 替代 AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter (已移除)。
Spring Boot：@SpringBootApplication + application.yml 全自動配置，mybatis-spring-boot-starter 一鍵整合。
Jakarta EE 9+：套件名 javax.* → jakarta.*，Servlet 5+、JSP 3+。