Android 獲取已安裝應用列表與詳細信息完整實現

核心 API

• PackageManager.getInstalledApplications(flags)：獲取所有應用 ApplicationInfo
• PackageManager.getLaunchIntentForPackage(packageName)：判斷是否有啟動入口（用戶可見）
• ApplicationInfo.flags：區分系統應用（FLAG_SYSTEM）、更新的系統應用（FLAG_UPDATED_SYSTEM_APP）、用戶應用

實體類設計

public class AppInfo {
    private Drawable appIcon;
    private String appName;
    private String appVersion;
    private String packageName;
    private boolean isUserApp;
    // 構造方法、Getter/Setter、toString()...
}

掃描並過濾用戶應用

public List getUserApps(Context context) {
    PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
    List apps = pm.getInstalledApplications(PackageManager.GET_META_DATA);
    List result = new ArrayList<>();
    for (ApplicationInfo info : apps) {
        // 僅保留有啟動圖標的應用
        if (pm.getLaunchIntentForPackage(info.packageName) == null) continue;
        // 過濾系統應用
        if ((info.flags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM) == 1) continue;
        if ((info.flags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_UPDATED_SYSTEM_APP) == 1) continue;
        // 獲取詳細信息
        AppInfo appInfo = new AppInfo();
        appInfo.setPackageName(info.packageName);
        appInfo.setAppName(pm.getApplicationLabel(info).toString());
        appInfo.setAppIcon(pm.getApplicationIcon(info));
        try {
            PackageInfo pkgInfo = pm.getPackageInfo(info.packageName, 0);
            appInfo.setAppVersion(pkgInfo.versionName);
        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
            appInfo.setAppVersion("未知");
        }
        appInfo.setUserApp(true);
        result.add(appInfo);
    }
    return result;
}

獲取所有應用（含系統）字符串列表

public String getInstalledAppListAsString(Context context) {
    PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
    List apps = pm.getInstalledApplications(PackageManager.GET_GIDS);
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    for (ApplicationInfo app : apps) {
        if (pm.getLaunchIntentForPackage(app.packageName) != null) {
            if ((app.flags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_UPDATED_SYSTEM_APP) != 1 &&
                (app.flags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM) != 1) {
                sb.append(app.packageName).append(';');
            }
        }
    }
    return sb.toString();
}

權限聲明

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES" /> // Android 11+
<queries>
    <intent>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
    </intent>
</queries>

性能優化建議

• 使用 PackageManager.GET_META_DATA 而非 GET_GIDS 減少開銷
• 異步線程執行掃描，避免 ANR
• 結果緩存，避免重複查詢
• Android 11+ 需在 Manifest 中聲明 <queries> 否則列表為空