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Java WebService 開發完整指南：JAX-WS 實現與 SOAP 客戶端調用

編輯：Java 相關知識

環境要求

建議使用 JDK 1.6.10+，較低版本存在已知 Bug。

服務端開發步驟

1. 定義服務接口

package org.enson.chan;

import javax.jws.WebService;
import javax.jws.soap.SOAPBinding;

@WebService
@SOAPBinding(style = SOAPBinding.Style.RPC)
public interface IMyService {
    int add(int a, int b);
    int max(int a, int b);
}

2. 實現接口

package org.enson.chan;

import javax.jws.WebService;

@WebService(endpointInterface = "org.enson.chan.IMyService")
public class MyServiceImpl implements IMyService {
    @Override
    public int add(int a, int b) {
        System.out.println(a + "+" + b + "=" + (a + b));
        return a + b;
    }

    @Override
    public int max(int a, int b) {
        int result = (a > b) ? a : b;
        System.out.println("比較大小，取最大值: " + result);
        return result;
    }
}

3. 發布服務

package org.enson.chan;

import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint;

public class MyServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String address = "https://localhost:8090/ns";
        Endpoint.publish(address, new MyServiceImpl());
        System.out.println("服務已發布至: " + address + "?wsdl");
    }
}

4. 客戶端調用（標準方式）

package org.enson.chan;

import java.net.URL;
import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
import javax.xml.ws.Service;

public class TestClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        URL url = new URL("https://localhost:8090/ns?wsdl");
        QName qname = new QName("https://chan.enson.org/", "MyServiceImplService");
        Service service = Service.create(url, qname);
        IMyService proxy = service.getPort(IMyService.class);
        
        System.out.println("add(12,33) = " + proxy.add(12, 33));
        System.out.println("max(10,20) = " + proxy.max(10, 20));
    }
}

進階：SOAP 手動構建與調用

適用於無 WSDL、需動態構建 SOAP 消息、添加 Header 等場景。

核心類說明

MessageFactory：創建 SOAPMessage
SOAPEnvelope/Body/Header：消息結構
Dispatch<T>：發送/接收泛型消息
JAXB：Java 對象與 XML 綁定

場景示例

// 1. 純 SOAP 調用
MessageFactory factory = MessageFactory.newInstance();
SOAPMessage msg = factory.createMessage();
SOAPBody body = msg.getSOAPPart().getEnvelope().getBody();
QName op = new QName("https://java.zttc.edu.cn/webservice", "add", "ns");
SOAPBodyElement elem = body.addBodyElement(op);
elem.addChildElement("a").setValue("22");
elem.addChildElement("b").setValue("33");

// 2. Dispatch 動態調用
URL wsdl = new URL("https://localhost:8989/ms?wsdl");
QName svcName = new QName("https://service.soap.org/", "MyServiceImplService");
Service svc = Service.create(wsdl, svcName);
Dispatch<SOAPMessage> dispatch = svc.createDispatch(
    new QName("https://service.soap.org/", "MyServiceImplPort"),
    SOAPMessage.class, Service.Mode.MESSAGE);
SOAPMessage response = dispatch.invoke(msg);

// 3. PAYLOAD 模式 + JAXB 綁定
Dispatch<Source> dispatch = svc.createDispatch(portName, Source.class, Service.Mode.PAYLOAD);
JAXBContext ctx = JAXBContext.newInstance(User.class);
Marshaller m = ctx.createMarshaller();
m.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FRAGMENT, true);
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
m.marshal(user, sw);
String payload = "<nn:addUser xmlns:nn=\"" + ns + "\">" + sw.toString() + "</nn:addUser>";
Source resp = dispatch.invoke(new StreamSource(new StringReader(payload)));

// 4. 添加 SOAP Header（如認證）
SOAPHeader header = envelope.getHeader();
if (header == null) header = envelope.addHeader();
header.addHeaderElement(new QName(ns, "authInfo", "nn")).setValue("aabbccdd");

// 5. 處理 SOAPFault
try {
    dispatch.invoke(msg);
} catch (SOAPFaultException e) {
    System.out.println("服務端異常: " + e.getMessage());
}