Hibernate 3.3 入門實戰：從實體類到第一筆資料

本文記錄使用 Hibernate 3.3.1 版本，搭配 HSQLDB 內嵌資料庫，完成從實體類定義、映射檔、配置檔到儲存/查詢資料的完整流程，適合初學者快速上手。

一、專案結構

src/
├─ hibernate.cfg.xml
├─ events/
│   ├─ Event.java
│   └─ Event.hbm.xml
└─ util/
    ├─ HibernateUtil.java
    └─ EventManager.java

二、實體類 Event.java

package events;
import java.util.Date;

public class Event {
    private Long id;
    private String title;
    private Date date;

    public Event() {}
    // Getter/Setter 省略...
    // 注意：id 使用 private setter，由 Hibernate 指派
}

三、映射檔 Event.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "https://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="events.Event" table="EVENTS">
        <id name="id" column="EVENT_ID">
            <generator class="native"/>
        </id>
        <property name="date" type="timestamp" column="EVENT_DATE"/>
        <property name="title"/>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

四、核心配置 hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
    "https://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="connection.driver_class">org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost</property>
        <property name="connection.username">sa</property>
        <property name="connection.password"></property>
        <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect</property>
        <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
        <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <mapping resource="events/Event.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

五、SessionFactory 單例 HibernateUtil.java

package util;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class HibernateUtil {
    private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory = buildSessionFactory();

    private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() {
        try {
            return new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex);
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
        }
    }
    public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() { return sessionFactory; }
}

六、業務操作 EventManager.java

package util;
import java.util.*;
import org.hibernate.*;
import events.Event;

public class EventManager {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventManager mgr = new EventManager();
        if (args[0].equals("store")) {
            mgr.createAndStoreEvent("My Event", new Date());
        } else if (args[0].equals("list")) {
            List events = mgr.listEvents();
            for (Object obj : events) {
                Event e = (Event) obj;
                System.out.println("Event: " + e.getTitle() + " Time: " + e.getDate());
            }
        }
        HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().close();
    }

    private List listEvents() {
        Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
        session.beginTransaction();
        List result = session.createQuery("from Event").list();
        session.getTransaction().commit();
        return result;
    }

    private void createAndStoreEvent(String title, Date date) {
        Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
        session.beginTransaction();
        Event event = new Event();
        event.setTitle(title);
        event.setDate(date);
        session.save(event);
        session.getTransaction().commit();
    }
}

七、啟動 HSQLDB 與執行

# 啟動 Server
java -classpath ../lib/hsqldb.jar org.hsqldb.Server

# 開啟圖形管理工具（選用）
java -cp ../lib/hsqldb.jar org.hsqldb.util.DatabaseManager

# 執行存入
java -cp ... util.EventManager store

# 執行查詢
java -cp ... util.EventManager list

八、必要依賴 JAR

antlr-2.7.6.jar
commons-collections-3.1.jar
dom4j-1.6.1.jar
hibernate3.jar
hsqldb.jar
javassist-3.4.GA.jar
jta-1.1.jar
slf4j-api-1.5.2.jar
slf4j-simple-1.5.2.jar

九、常見坑點提醒

• HSQLDB 需先啟動 Server 模式，否則連線失敗。
• hbm2ddl.auto 註解掉可保留資料，啟用 create 會每次重建表。
• JDK 版本需與 Hibernate 相容，3.3 建議 JDK 1.5+。