使用 Python WMI 模組偵測 Windows 系統、硬碟與網卡資訊

前言

Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) 提供了統一介面查詢系統硬體與作業系統資訊。Python 透過 wmi 套件即可輕鬆存取。本文整理一支完整腳本，可一次擷取作業系統版本、記憶體、硬碟、CPU 及網路介面卡資訊。

安裝 wmi 套件

pip install wmi pywin32

完整程式碼架構

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import wmi
import sys, time, platform

def get_system_info(os_type):
    """取得作業系統版本"""
    print("\nOperating system:")
    if os_type == "Windows":
        c = wmi.WMI()
        for sys_obj in c.Win32_OperatingSystem():
            print(f"\tVersion :\t{sys_obj.Caption}")
            print(f"\tBuild   :\t{sys_obj.BuildNumber}")

def get_memory_info(os_type):
    """取得實體與虛擬記憶體"""
    print("\nmemory_info:")
    if os_type == "Windows":
        c = wmi.WMI()
        cs = c.Win32_ComputerSystem()[0]
        pfu = c.Win32_PageFileUsage()[0]
        mem_total = int(cs.TotalPhysicalMemory) / 1024 / 1024
        swap_total = int(pfu.AllocatedBaseSize)
        print(f"\tTotalPhysicalMemory :\t{mem_total:.0f} MB")
        print(f"\tSwapTotal           :\t{swap_total} MB")

def get_disk_info(os_type):
    """取得實體磁碟資訊"""
    print("\ndisk_info:")
    if os_type == "Windows":
        c = wmi.WMI()
        for disk in c.Win32_DiskDrive():
            if disk.Size:
                size_gb = int(disk.Size) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024
                print(f"\t{disk.Caption} :\t{size_gb:.1f} GB")

def get_cpu_info(os_type):
    """取得 CPU 型號、核心數、時脈"""
    print("\ncpu_info:")
    if os_type == "Windows":
        c = wmi.WMI()
        for cpu in c.Win32_Processor():
            cores = getattr(cpu, 'NumberOfCores', 1)
            print(f"\tCpuType  :\t{cpu.Name.strip()}")
            print(f"\tCpuCores :\t{cores}")
            print(f"\tCpuClock :\t{cpu.MaxClockSpeed} MHz")

def get_network_info(os_type):
    """取得啟用 IP 的網卡與 TCP 連線數"""
    print("\nnetwork_info:")
    if os_type == "Windows":
        c = wmi.WMI()
        for nic in c.Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration(IPEnabled=True):
            print(f"\t{nic.Description}")
            print(f"\t\tMAC      :\t{nic.MACAddress}")
            print(f"\t\tIP       :\t{nic.IPAddress[0]}")
            print(f"\t\tSubnet   :\t{nic.IPSubnet[0]}")
        for tcp in c.Win32_PerfRawData_Tcpip_TCPv4():
            print(f"\tTCP Connections :\t{tcp.ConnectionsEstablished}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    os_name = platform.system()
    get_system_info(os_name)
    get_memory_info(os_name)
    get_disk_info(os_name)
    get_cpu_info(os_name)
    get_network_info(os_name)

執行結果範例

Operating system:
	Version :	Microsoft Windows 10 Pro
	Build   :	19045

memory_info:
	TotalPhysicalMemory :	16384 MB
	SwapTotal           :	8192 MB

disk_info:
	Samsung SSD 970 EVO 500GB :	465.8 GB

cpu_info:
	CpuType  :	Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-9700K CPU @ 3.60GHz
	CpuCores :	8
	CpuClock :	3600 MHz

network_info:
	Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (2) I219-V
		MAC      :	00:11:22:33:44:55
		IP       :	192.168.1.100
		Subnet   :	255.255.255.0
	TCP Connections :	42

常見問題

• 權限不足：請以系統管理員身分執行命令提示字元或 PowerShell。
• 找不到 WMI 命名空間：確認 Windows 版本支援對應的 WMI 類別（Win32_*）。
• 編碼問題：Python 2 需注意 .encode('GBK')，Python 3 直接列印 Unicode 即可。