SQL Server 資料字典查詢腳本大全：表結構、索引、鍵約束、檢視、函數、預存程序、觸發器一鍵產出

本文提供三組實用的 SQL Server 資料字典查詢腳本，涵蓋 SQL Server 2000/2005 表結構、索引、主鍵/外鍵/約束、檢視表、函數、預存程序、觸發器等所有物件。可直接在查詢分析器或管理工作室執行，快速產出完整資料字典。

1. 表結構查詢 (SQL Server 2000 / 2005 通用)

輸出欄位：表名、表說明、欄位序號、欄位名、識別欄位、主鍵、資料型別、長度、精度、小數位數、允許 NULL、預設值、欄位說明、建立時間、修改時間。

SELECT TOP 100 PERCENT
    CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN d.name ELSE '' END AS 表名,
    CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN ISNULL(f.value, '') ELSE '' END AS 表說明,
    a.colorder AS 欄位序號,
    a.name AS 欄位名,
    CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 識別,
    CASE WHEN EXISTS (
        SELECT 1 FROM dbo.sysindexes si
        INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys sik ON si.id = sik.id AND si.indid = sik.indid
        INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns sc ON sc.id = sik.id AND sc.colid = sik.colid
        INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects so ON so.name = si.name AND so.xtype = 'PK'
        WHERE sc.id = a.id AND sc.colid = a.colid
    ) THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 主鍵,
    b.name AS 型別,
    a.length AS 長度,
    COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'PRECISION') AS 精度,
    ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'Scale'), 0) AS 小數位數,
    CASE WHEN a.isnullable = 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 允許空值,
    ISNULL(e.text, '') AS 預設值,
    ISNULL(g.[value], '') AS 欄位說明,
    d.crdate AS 建立時間,
    CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN d.refdate ELSE NULL END AS 修改時間
FROM dbo.syscolumns a
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.systypes b ON a.xtype = b.xusertype
INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects d ON a.id = d.id AND d.xtype = 'U' AND d.status >= 0
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.syscomments e ON a.cdefault = e.id
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.sysproperties g ON a.id = g.id AND a.colid = g.smallid AND g.name = 'MS_Description'
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.sysproperties f ON d.id = f.id AND f.smallid = 0 AND f.name = 'MS_Description'
ORDER BY d.name, a.colorder

2. 索引查詢

輸出：表名、索引名稱、欄位名、索引順序、排序(升/降)、主鍵、叢集、唯一、唯一約束、填充因子、建立/修改時間。

SELECT TOP 100 PERCENT
    CASE WHEN b.keyno = 1 THEN c.name ELSE '' END AS 表名,
    CASE WHEN b.keyno = 1 THEN a.name ELSE '' END AS 索引名稱,
    d.name AS 欄位名,
    b.keyno AS 索引順序,
    CASE INDEXKEY_PROPERTY(c.id, b.indid, b.keyno, 'isdescending')
        WHEN 1 THEN '降序' WHEN 0 THEN '升序' END AS 排序,
    CASE WHEN p.id IS NULL THEN '' ELSE '√' END AS 主鍵,
    CASE INDEXPROPERTY(c.id, a.name, 'IsClustered') WHEN 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 叢集,
    CASE INDEXPROPERTY(c.id, a.name, 'IsUnique') WHEN 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 唯一,
    CASE WHEN e.id IS NULL THEN '' ELSE '√' END AS 唯一約束,
    a.OrigFillFactor AS 填充因子,
    c.crdate AS 建立時間, c.refdate AS 修改時間
FROM dbo.sysindexes a
INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys b ON a.id = b.id AND a.indid = b.indid
INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns d ON b.id = d.id AND b.colid = d.colid
INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects c ON a.id = c.id AND c.xtype = 'U'
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.sysobjects e ON e.name = a.name AND e.xtype = 'UQ'
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.sysobjects p ON p.name = a.name AND p.xtype = 'PK'
WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(a.id, N'IsUserTable') = 1
  AND OBJECTPROPERTY(a.id, N'IsMSShipped') = 0
  AND INDEXPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'IsAutoStatistics') = 0
ORDER BY c.name, a.name, b.keyno

3. 主鍵、外鍵、約束、檢視、函數、預存程序、觸發器

SELECT DISTINCT TOP 100 PERCENT
    o.xtype,
    CASE o.xtype
        WHEN 'X' THEN '擴展預存程序'
        WHEN 'TR' THEN '觸發器'
        WHEN 'PK' THEN '主鍵'
        WHEN 'F' THEN '外鍵'
        WHEN 'C' THEN '約束'
        WHEN 'V' THEN '檢視表'
        WHEN 'FN' THEN '函數-標量'
        WHEN 'IF' THEN '函數-內嵌'
        WHEN 'TF' THEN '函數-表值'
        ELSE '預存程序'
    END AS 類型,
    o.name AS 物件名,
    o.crdate AS 建立時間,
    o.refdate AS 修改時間,
    c.text AS 宣告語句
FROM dbo.sysobjects o
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.syscomments c ON o.id = c.id
WHERE o.xtype IN ('X','TR','C','V','F','IF','TF','FN','P','PK')
  AND OBJECTPROPERTY(o.id, N'IsMSShipped') = 0
ORDER BY CASE o.xtype
    WHEN 'X' THEN '擴展預存程序'
    WHEN 'TR' THEN '觸發器'
    WHEN 'PK' THEN '主鍵'
    WHEN 'F' THEN '外鍵'
    WHEN 'C' THEN '約束'
    WHEN 'V' THEN '檢視表'
    WHEN 'FN' THEN '函數-標量'
    WHEN 'IF' THEN '函數-內嵌'
    WHEN 'TF' THEN '函數-表值'
    ELSE '預存程序' END DESC

三組腳本涵蓋資料庫文件化所需的所有核心物件，建議收藏備用。