SQL Server 資料字典查詢腳本全集：表結構、索引、主外鍵、視圖、函數、預存程序、觸發器

1. 表結構 (SQL Server 2000/2005 通用)

輸出：表名、表說明、欄位序號、欄位名、識別欄、主鍵、型別、長度、精度、小數位、允許空、預設值、欄位說明、建立/修改時間。

SELECT CASE WHEN a.colorder=1 THEN d.name ELSE '' END AS 表名,
       CASE WHEN a.colorder=1 THEN ISNULL(f.value,'') ELSE '' END AS 表說明,
       a.colorder AS 欄位序號, a.name AS 欄位名,
       CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 識別,
       CASE WHEN EXISTS(...) THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 主鍵,
       b.name AS 型別, a.length AS 長度,
       COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION') AS 精度,
       ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0) AS 小數位,
       CASE WHEN a.isnullable=1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 允許空,
       ISNULL(e.text,'') AS 預設值,
       ISNULL(g.[value],'') AS 欄位說明,
       d.crdate AS 建立時間,
       CASE WHEN a.colorder=1 THEN d.refdate ELSE NULL END AS 修改時間
FROM syscolumns a
LEFT JOIN systypes b ON a.xtype=b.xusertype
INNER JOIN sysobjects d ON a.id=d.id AND d.xtype='U' AND d.status>=0
LEFT JOIN syscomments e ON a.cdefault=e.id
LEFT JOIN sysproperties g ON a.id=g.id AND a.colid=g.smallid AND g.name='MS_Description'
LEFT JOIN sysproperties f ON d.id=f.id AND f.smallid=0 AND f.name='MS_Description'
ORDER BY d.name, a.colorder;

2. 索引資訊

輸出：表名、索引名、欄位名、索引順序、排序、主鍵、叢集、唯一、唯一約束、填充因子、建立/修改時間。

SELECT CASE WHEN b.keyno=1 THEN c.name ELSE '' END AS 表名,
       CASE WHEN b.keyno=1 THEN a.name ELSE '' END AS 索引名,
       d.name AS 欄位名, b.keyno AS 索引順序,
       CASE INDEXKEY_PROPERTY(c.id,b.indid,b.keyno,'isdescending')
           WHEN 1 THEN '降序' WHEN 0 THEN '升序' END AS 排序,
       CASE WHEN p.id IS NULL THEN '' ELSE '√' END AS 主鍵,
       CASE INDEXPROPERTY(c.id,a.name,'IsClustered') WHEN 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 叢集,
       CASE INDEXPROPERTY(c.id,a.name,'IsUnique') WHEN 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 唯一,
       CASE WHEN e.id IS NULL THEN '' ELSE '√' END AS 唯一約束,
       a.OrigFillFactor AS 填充因子,
       c.crdate AS 建立時間, c.refdate AS 修改時間
FROM sysindexes a
INNER JOIN sysindexkeys b ON a.id=b.id AND a.indid=b.indid
INNER JOIN syscolumns d ON b.id=d.id AND b.colid=d.colid
INNER JOIN sysobjects c ON a.id=c.id AND c.xtype='U'
LEFT JOIN sysobjects e ON e.name=a.name AND e.xtype='UQ'
LEFT JOIN sysobjects p ON p.name=a.name AND p.xtype='PK'
WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(a.id,'IsUserTable')=1
  AND OBJECTPROPERTY(a.id,'IsMSShipped')=0
  AND INDEXPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'IsAutoStatistics')=0
ORDER BY c.name, a.name, b.keyno;

3. 主鍵、外鍵、約束、視圖、函數、預存程序、觸發器

輸出：類型、對象名、建立/修改時間、宣告語句。

SELECT DISTINCT
       CASE o.xtype
           WHEN 'X' THEN '擴展預存程序'
           WHEN 'TR' THEN '觸發器'
           WHEN 'PK' THEN '主鍵'
           WHEN 'F' THEN '外鍵'
           WHEN 'C' THEN '約束'
           WHEN 'V' THEN '視圖'
           WHEN 'FN' THEN '函數-標量'
           WHEN 'IF' THEN '函數-內嵌'
           WHEN 'TF' THEN '函數-表值'
           ELSE '預存程序'
       END AS 類型,
       o.name AS 對象名, o.crdate AS 建立時間, o.refdate AS 修改時間,
       c.text AS 宣告語句
FROM sysobjects o
LEFT JOIN syscomments c ON o.id=c.id
WHERE o.xtype IN ('X','TR','C','V','F','IF','TF','FN','P','PK')
  AND OBJECTPROPERTY(o.id,'IsMSShipped')=0
ORDER BY 類型 DESC;

在查詢分析器或 SSMS 執行即可快速產出完整資料字典。