TinkerPop 實戰：使用 Java 操作 Blueprints API 將圖資料存入 Derby 資料庫

Maven 依賴配置

  4.0.0
  tinkerpop-demo
  tinkerpop-demo
  1.0

  
    
      wingnest-repo
      wingnest repo
      https://www.wingnest.com/mvn-repo/
    
  

  
    
    
      org.apache.tinkerpop
      gremlin-core
      3.0.0.M9-incubating
    
    
      org.apache.tinkerpop
      gremlin-driver
      3.0.0.M9-incubating
    

    
    
      com.tinkerpop.blueprints
      blueprints-core
      2.6.0
    

    
    
      com.wingnest.blueprints
      blueprints-jpa-graph
      2.5.0_01
    

    
    
      org.hibernate
      hibernate-core
      4.3.10.Final
    
    
      org.hibernate
      hibernate-entitymanager
      4.3.10.Final
    

    
    
      org.apache.derby
      derby
      10.11.1.1
    
    
      org.apache.derby
      derbytools
      10.11.1.1
      test
    

    
    
      org.slf4j
      slf4j-log4j12
      1.7.5
      test
    
    
      org.slf4j
      slf4j-simple
      1.6.1
      test
    
    
      junit
      junit
      4.12
    
  

  
    src/main/java
    
      
        src/main/resources
        true
      
    
    
      
        
          org.apache.maven.plugins
          maven-compiler-plugin
          2.5.1
          
            1.7
            1.7
            UTF-8
          
        
        
          org.apache.maven.plugins
          maven-resources-plugin
          2.4
        
      
    
  

Java 核心程式碼：CRUD 示範

package com.tinkerpop.demo;

import com.tinkerpop.blueprints.Direction;
import com.tinkerpop.blueprints.Edge;
import com.tinkerpop.blueprints.Graph;
import com.tinkerpop.blueprints.Vertex;
import com.tinkerpop.blueprints.impls.tg.TinkerGraph;
import com.wingnest.blueprints.impls.jpa.JpaGraph;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class TinkerPopDemo {

    private JpaGraph jpaGraph = null;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        // 初始化 JPA Graph，自動建表 (Hibernate hbm2ddl.auto=update)
        Map props = new HashMap<>();
        props.put("javax.persistence.jdbc.url", "jdbc:derby:db/HibernateUnit_test_perf;create=true");
        // 如需 MySQL：props.put("javax.persistence.jdbc.url", "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/graphdb?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true");
        jpaGraph = new JpaGraph("HibernateUnit", props);
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        jpaGraph.shutdown();
    }

    @Test
    public void testCreate() {
        // 建立三個頂點
        Vertex zhangsan = jpaGraph.addVertex(null);
        zhangsan.setProperty("name", "zhangsan");
        System.out.println("zhangsan: " + zhangsan.getId());

        Vertex lisi = jpaGraph.addVertex(null);
        lisi.setProperty("name", "lisi");
        System.out.println("lisi: " + lisi.getId());

        Vertex wangwu = jpaGraph.addVertex(null);
        wangwu.setProperty("name", "wangwu");
        System.out.println("wangwu: " + wangwu.getId());

        // 建立邊：朋友關係
        Edge friend1 = jpaGraph.addEdge(null, zhangsan, lisi, "friend");
        Edge friend2 = jpaGraph.addEdge(null, wangwu, lisi, "friend");
        System.out.println("create finish");
    }

    @Test
    public void testQuery() {
        queryAll();
        queryZhansanFriends();
        System.out.println("query finish");
    }

    private void queryAll() {
        Iterable allVertex = jpaGraph.getVertices();
        System.out.println("###################### query all ######################");
        for (Vertex vertex : allVertex) {
            System.out.println("name: " + vertex.getProperty("name") + ", id: " + vertex.getId());
        }
    }

    private void queryZhansanFriends() {
        Vertex zhangsan = jpaGraph.getVertex(1); // 假設 ID=1
        System.out.println("###################### query zhangsan friends ######################");
        Iterable friends = zhangsan.getVertices(Direction.OUT, "friend");
        for (Vertex vertex : friends) {
            System.out.println("name: " + vertex.getProperty("name") + ", id: " + vertex.getId());
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testDelete() {
        Vertex lisi = jpaGraph.getVertex(2); // 假設 ID=2
        jpaGraph.removeVertex(lisi);
        // 刪除後驗證
        queryAll();
        queryZhansanFriends();
    }
}

執行結果與資料庫結構

執行測試後，Hibernate 自動建立以下表結構（Derby）：

• ENTITY：儲存頂點與邊的基礎資訊
• INDEX_BASE、INDEX、KEY_INDEX：支援屬性索引
• PROPERTY：儲存動態屬性 Key-Value

zhangsan:1
lisi:2
wangwu:3
create finish
###################### query all ######################
name: zhangsan, id: 1
name: lisi, id: 2
name: wangwu, id: 3
###################### query zhangsan friends ######################
name: lisi, id: 2
query finish

遷移至 MySQL / PostgreSQL

只需修改 JDBC URL 與 Dialect，其餘程式碼完全不變：

props.put("javax.persistence.jdbc.url", "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/graphdb?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true");
props.put("javax.persistence.jdbc.driver", "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
props.put("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect");

總結與展望

1. 極簡整合：僅需一個 pom.xml + 一個 Java 類，即可將圖資料落地關聯式資料庫。
2. 運維優勢：利用既有 RDBMS（備份、主從、監控、分庫分表），避免引入專用圖資料庫的運維複雜度。
3. 效能權衡：關聯式存儲圖結構在深度遍歷上不如原生圖資料庫（Neo4j、JanusGraph），但對於「關係查詢為主、圖深度淺、資料量中等」的業務場景完全足夠。
4. 擴展路徑：未來若需高效能圖計算，可平滑遷移至 TitanGraph 或 Neo4jGraph，業務程式碼僅需更換 Graph 實現類。

本範例展示了 Blueprints 介面的威力：一次開發，多引擎部署，是圖應用架構演進的理想起點。