Linux 上安裝 Oracle 19c 關鍵步驟精簡指南：預先套件、核心參數、儲存規劃與無人值守安裝

作業系統與套件準備 (Oracle Linux 7/8 / RHEL 7/8)

必要 RPM 套件 (yum/dnf 安裝)

# 核心編譯工具
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make binutils glibc-devel libaio-devel \
  libstdc++-devel sysstat ksh compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33

# 圖形介面相關 (無人值守可略)
yum install -y libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libXrender libXext \
  motif-devel xorg-x11-utils

# 19c 新增需求
yum install -y smartmontools net-tools policycoreutils-python-utils

核心參數 (/etc/sysctl.conf)

fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

套用：sysctl -p

使用者限制 (/etc/security/limits.conf)

oracle   soft   nofile    1024000
oracle   hard   nofile    1024000
oracle   soft   nproc     16384
oracle   hard   nproc     16384
oracle   soft   stack     10240
oracle   hard   stack     32768
oracle   soft   memlock   134217728
oracle   hard   memlock   134217728

建立使用者與群組

groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
groupadd -g 54323 oper
groupadd -g 54324 backupdba
groupadd -g 54325 dgdba
groupadd -g 54326 kmdba
groupadd -g 54327 racdba

useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba oracle
passwd oracle  # 設定密碼

儲存規劃與 ASM (建議)

ASM 優勢：原始裝置效能、自動條帶化/鏡像、線上擴容、無檔案系統開銷。

無人值守安裝 (Response File)

db_install.rsp 關鍵參數

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ol19c.example.com
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_TW
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=backupdba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dgdba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=kmdba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=racdba
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

執行安裝

# 解壓安裝檔
unzip -q LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1

# 無人值守安裝
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
./runInstaller -silent -waitforcompletion -responseFile db_install.rsp -ignorePrereqFailure

資料庫建立 (DBCA 無人值守)

# dbca.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "19.0.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "ORCLCDB"
SID = "ORCLCDB"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
SYSPASSWORD = "SysPass123"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "SysPass123"
DATAFILEDESTINATION = "/u02/oradata"
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION = "/u03/fast_recovery_area"
STORAGETYPE = "FS"
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
NATIONALCHARACTERSET = "AL16UTF16"
TOTALMEMORY = "4096"
AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "TRUE"
EMCONFIGURATION = "NONE"

dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile dbca.rsp

安裝後驗證

# 環境變數設定 (~oracle/.bash_profile)
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export NLS_LANG=TRADITIONAL CHINESE_TAIWAN.AL32UTF8

# 測試連線
sqlplus / as sysdba
SELECT name, open_mode FROM v$database;
SELECT * FROM v$version;

常見安裝失敗對策