MySQL 服務 RPM 安裝部署全流程：CentOS 6 實戰筆記

環境準備

• 系統：CentOS 6.3 (Final)
• 安裝包目錄：/usr/dev/mysql
• 所需 RPM 包 (從光盤或 rpmfind.net 下載)：
  • perl-DBI-1.609-4.el6.i686.rpm
  • mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.i686.rpm
  • mysql-5.1.61-4.el6.i686.rpm
  • perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.i686.rpm
  • mysql-server-5.1.61-4.el6.i686.rpm

安裝步驟

1. 協載舊版本 (參考上篇)

# 參考 "MySQL 服務完全卸載指南" 執行清理

2. 依次安裝 RPM 包

cd /usr/dev/mysql

rpm -ivh perl-DBI-1.609-4.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-5.1.61-4.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-server-5.1.61-4.el6.i686.rpm

3. 初始化數據庫

/usr/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

輸出關鍵信息：

Installing MySQL system tables... OK
Filling help tables... OK

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password'

Alternatively: /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe &

Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!

4. 啟動服務

/usr/bin/mysqld_safe &

輸出：

mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql

5. 驗證啟動狀態

/etc/init.d/mysqld status
# 或
service mysqld status
# 輸出: mysqld (pid 4200) is running...

安裝後必做配置

1. 設置 Root 密碼

/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'StrongP@ssw0rd'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost password 'StrongP@ssw0rd'

2. 執行安全初始化

/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
# 交互式：移除匿名用戶、禁止遠程 root、刪除 test 庫、重載權限

3. 配置開機自啟

chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

4. 複製配置文件模板

cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# 根據內存調整：my-small.cnf (<64M) / my-medium.cnf (128M) / my-large.cnf (512M) / my-huge.cnf (1G+)

關鍵目錄結構

常見安裝問題排查

1. 缺少依賴包：yum install -y perl-DBI perl-DBD-MySQL 自動解決
2. 啟動失敗查日志：tail -f /var/log/mysqld.log
3. 端口衝突：netstat -tlnp | grep 3306
4. 權限問題：chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

驗證安裝完整性

mysql -uroot -p -e "SELECT VERSION(); SHOW ENGINES; SELECT USER,HOST FROM mysql.user;"
# 應顯示版本、引擎列表、用戶表內容