CentOS 6.4 Yum 安裝 MySQL 5.6 完整實戰指南：從安裝到安全初始化

CentOS 6.x 使用 Yum 快速部署 MySQL 5.6 社區版全流程

環境：CentOS 6.4 Final，配置官方 Yum 源安裝 mysql-community-server 5.6 系列，涵蓋安裝、目錄認識、配置優化、密碼初始化、服務管理、安全加固。

一、確認系統與 Yum 源

cat /etc/issue  # CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
yum list mysql*  # 確認可用包: mysql-community-server, mysql-community-client, mysql-community-libs...

二、安裝 Server 與 Client

yum install mysql-community-server mysql-community-client
# 若衝突: yum remove mysql* 後重裝

三、關鍵目錄認識

四、核心配置優化 (/etc/my.cnf)

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8

[mysqld]
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0          # 允許遠程連接, 僅本地則 127.0.0.1
port = 3306
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
default-storage-engine = INNODB
max_connections = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G    # 物理內存 50-70%, 此處示例 1G
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
sync_binlog = 1
query_cache_size = 64M
query_cache_type = 1
log-error = /var/log/mysqld.log
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /var/log/slow.log
long_query_time = 1

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

五、啟動服務與 Root 密碼初始化

service mysqld start  # 首啟自動初始化 data 目錄、生成隨機 Root 密碼 (5.7+), 5.6 無密碼

# 5.6 版本無初始密碼, 直接登錄修改:
mysql -u root
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('NewStrongPwd123!');
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

# 若誤操作導致無法登錄 (Access denied), 重置密碼流程:
service mysqld stop
mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
mysql -u root mysql
mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('NewStrongPwd123!') WHERE User='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
service mysqld restart
mysqladmin -u root -p'NewStrongPwd123!' password 'NewStrongPwd123!'  # 修正權限表

六、設置開機自啟與基礎安全加固

chkconfig mysqld on
chkconfig --list mysqld  # 2-5:on 確認生效

# 刪除匿名用戶、測試庫
mysql -uroot -p
mysql> DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE User='';
mysql> DROP DATABASE test;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

七、驗證安裝

mysql -uroot -p -e "SELECT VERSION(), CURRENT_DATE;"
mysql -uroot -p -e "SHOW DATABASES;"
# 能正常返回版本信息與庫列表即安裝成功