CentOS 7 RPM 方式安裝 MySQL 5.6 完整流程：依賴解決、初始化、密碼、遠程、開機自啟

CentOS 7 RPM 方式安裝 MySQL 5.6 完整流程：依賴解決、初始化、密碼、遠程、開機自啟

使用官方 RPM 套件在 CentOS 7 (同適用 6) 安裝 MySQL 5.6.22，解決依賴衝突、初始化隨機密碼、配置遠程訪問、註冊服務。

1. 確認系統版本

cat /proc/version
# Linux version 3.10.0-... (CentOS 7)

2. 下載官方 RPM 套件 (三件套)

wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-server-5.6.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-client-5.6.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-devel-5.6.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# 或共用 libs
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-libs-5.6.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

3. 安裝依賴與解決衝突

rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.6.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.6.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.6.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.6.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

5. 初始化資料目錄與隨機密碼

systemctl start mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld

mysql -u root -p'XyZ9!aBc'
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('StrongP@ssw0rd!');
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

7. 配置遠程 root 訪問 (生產建議專用帳號)

mysql> USE mysql;
mysql> UPDATE user SET Host = '%' WHERE User = 'root' AND Host = 'localhost';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
# 或新建帳號
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'StrongP@ssw0rd!' WITH GRANT OPTION;

8. 防火牆開放 3306

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload
# 或 iptables
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

9. 配置檔位置與預設目錄

10. 常用管理指令

systemctl start|stop|restart|status mysqld
mysql -u root -p
mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown