MySQL 5.7.14 Windows 簡易安裝配置教程：從 my.ini 到密碼重置全記錄

my.ini 完整配置範本

[client]
default-character-set = utf8

[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir = "D:\mysql-5.7.14-winx64"
datadir = "D:\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\data\"
tmpdir = "D:\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\data\"
socket = "D:\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\data\mysql.sock"
log-error = "D:\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\data\mysql_error.log"

max_connections = 100
table_open_cache = 256
query_cache_size = 1M
tmp_table_size = 32M
thread_cache_size = 8

innodb_data_home_dir = "D:\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\data\"
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 128M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
innodb_log_file_size = 10M
innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
innodb_autoextend_increment = 1000

join_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
max_allowed_packet = 32M

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
# skip-grant-tables  # 僅密碼重置時暫時開啟

環境變數與服務安裝

1. Path 加入 D:\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\bin
2. 管理員 CMD：
   mysqld --install MySQL

首次啟動失敗處理

報錯「MySQL 服務無法啟動」→ 刪除 data 目錄所有內容 → 重新初始化：

mysqld --initialize --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
# 記錄輸出的臨時密碼

Root 密碼重置（5.7 專用）

1. my.ini 加 skip-grant-tables，重啟服務
2. mysql -u root 免密登入
3. 修改密碼：
   

   USE mysql;
   UPDATE user SET authentication_string = PASSWORD('root') WHERE user = 'root';
   FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

4. 移除 skip-grant-tables，重啟服務

編碼設定驗證

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%character%';
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%collation%';

若非全 utf8，在 my.ini 對應區段補全：

[client] default-character-set = utf8
[mysql] default-character-set = utf8
[mysqld] character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_general_ci

建庫指定字符集

CREATE DATABASE app_relation CHARACTER SET utf8;
USE app_relation;
SOURCE app_relation.sql;