Linux 來源碼編譯搭建 LAMP 並部署論壇完整實戰

專案目標

在 Linux 系統上從源碼編譯安裝 Apache、MySQL、PHP (LAMP)，並部署 Discuz! 論壇系統，驗證環境可用性。

環境規劃

• OS：Linux 2.6.18 (RHEL 5 / CentOS 5)
• 源碼包存放：/usr/local/src
• 安裝前綴：/usr/local/apache、/usr/local/mysql、/usr/local/php
• Web 根目錄：/var/www/html
• FTP 服務：vsftpd，用於傳輸源碼包與論壇程式碼

步驟一：配置 FTP 服務傳輸源碼

mkdir /mnt/cdrom
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
cd /mnt/cdrom/Server
rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm
cd /var/ftp
chmod o+w pub
vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
# 關鍵設定：anonymous_enable=YES, local_enable=YES, write_enable=YES, anon_upload_enable=YES, anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
service vsftpd start

步驟二：安裝編譯工具鏈與依賴庫

yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Development Libraries" -y
yum install zlib-devel openssl-devel pcre-devel libxml2-devel curl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel mhash-devel -y

步驟三：編譯安裝 Apache

# APR / APR-Util
tar zxvf apr-1.4.6.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
cd /usr/local/src/apr-1.4.6 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr && make && make install

tar zxvf apr-util-1.5.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
cd /usr/local/src/apr-util-1.5.1 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config && make && make install

# PCRE
tar zxvf pcre-8.xx.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
cd /usr/local/src/pcre-8.xx && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre && make && make install

# Apache
tar zxvf httpd-2.2.14.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.14
./configure \
  --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
  --enable-so --enable-rewrite --enable-ssl --enable-modules=most --enable-mods-shared=all \
  --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre
make && make install

步驟四：編譯安裝 MySQL

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql

tar zxvf mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.1.45
./configure \
  --prefix=/usr/local/mysql \
  --with-charset=utf8 --with-collation=utf8_general_ci --with-extra-charsets=all \
  --with-plugins=innobase,myisam,partition
make && make install

cd /usr/local/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
service mysqld start

步驟五：編譯安裝 PHP

tar zxvf php-5.2.5.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
cd /usr/local/src/php-5.2.5
./configure \
  --prefix=/usr/local/php \
  --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs \
  --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
  --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \
  --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
  --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \
  --enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --enable-ftp --enable-gd-native-ttf \
  --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir \
  --with-curl --with-openssl --with-mcrypt --with-mhash \
  --enable-bcmath --enable-zip --enable-soap --enable-calendar --enable-exif
make && make install

cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
# 編輯 php.ini 設定 date.timezone、error_log、upload_max_filesize 等

步驟六：整合 Apache 與 PHP

vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
# 確認/新增：
LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .php5
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
# 重啟 Apache
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart

步驟七：部署 Discuz! 論壇

1. 建立資料庫：CREATE DATABASE discuz CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
2. 解壓論壇程式碼至 /var/www/html/discuz，設定權限：chown -R apache:apache /var/www/html/discuz; chmod -R 777 data/ config/ uc_client/data/ uc_server/data/
3. 配置虛擬主機 (可選)，重啟 Apache。
4. 瀏覽器訪問 https://IP/discuz/install，按精靈完成安裝。
5. 安裝後刪除 install 目錄，設定 config/config_global.php 唯讀。

驗證與測試

建立 /var/www/html/phpinfo.php：<?php phpinfo(); ?>，確認所有模組載入正常。論壇前台、後台功能測試無誤即視為部署成功。

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