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Spring Data Redis 入門實戰：從 Linux 安裝 Redis 到 Spring 整合 CRUD 操作完整教程

編輯：Java 綜合教學

Linux 環境 Redis 服務端部署

# 1. 下載編譯
wget https://download.redis.io/releases/redis-2.8.19.tar.gz
tar -zxvf redis-2.8.19.tar.gz
cd redis-2.8.19 && make

# 2. 安裝到標準目錄
mkdir -p /usr/local/redis
cp src/redis-{server,cli,benchmark} /usr/local/redis/
cp redis.conf /usr/local/redis/

# 3. 啟動 (前台/後台)
cd /usr/local/redis
./redis-server ./redis.conf                    # 前台
nohup ./redis-server ./redis.conf &            # 後台

# 4. 客戶端測試
./redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> set key "value"
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get key
"value"

# 5. 防火牆開放 6379 端口 (跨機訪問必須)
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 6379 -j ACCEPT
service iptables save && service iptables restart

Maven 依賴配置

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring 核心 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Jedis 客戶端 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
        <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Spring Data Redis 封裝 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-data-redis</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.1.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- JUnit 測試 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.11</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Spring 配置核心：StringRedisTemplate 選型關鍵

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="https://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:redis.properties" />

    <!-- 連接工廠 -->
    <bean id="jedisConnectionFactory" 
          class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory">
        <property name="hostName" value="${hostName}" />
        <property name="port" value="${port}" />
        <property name="database" value="${index}" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 關鍵：使用 StringRedisTemplate 而非 RedisTemplate -->
    <bean id="redisTemplate" 
          class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate">
        <property name="connectionFactory" ref="jedisConnectionFactory" />
    </bean>
</beans>

為什麼必須用 StringRedisTemplate？

RedisTemplate 默認使用 JdkSerializationRedisSerializer (Java 序列化)
存入字符串 "hello" 實際存儲為字節流 `\xac\xed\x00\x05t\x00\x05hello`
StringRedisTemplate 使用 StringRedisSerializer，直接存 UTF-8 字符串
與 redis-cli 直接操作兼容，調試直觀

redis.properties 配置

hostName=192.168.1.225
port=6379
index=0  # 數據庫索引 0-15，默認 16 個庫

完整 CRUD 測試用例

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:spring-redis.xml")
public class RedisTest {

    @Autowired
    private StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @Test
    public void testStringOperations() {
        ValueOperations<String, String> ops = redisTemplate.opsForValue();

        // Set / Get
        ops.set("user:1:name", "ZhangSan");
        assertEquals("ZhangSan", ops.get("user:1:name"));

        // Set with TTL
        ops.set("session:abc", "userData", 30, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

        // Increment (原子)
        ops.set("counter", "0");
        ops.increment("counter"); // 1
        ops.increment("counter", 5); // 6

        // GetSet (原子獲取並設置)
        String old = ops.getAndSet("key", "newValue");
    }

    @Test
    public void testHashOperations() {
        HashOperations<String, String, String> ops = redisTemplate.opsForHash();
        ops.put("user:1", "name", "LiSi");
        ops.put("user:1", "age", "25");
        Map<String, String> user = ops.entries("user:1");
    }

    @Test
    public void testListOperations() {
        ListOperations<String, String> ops = redisTemplate.opsForList();
        ops.rightPush("queue", "task1");
        ops.rightPush("queue", "task2");
        String task = ops.leftPop("queue"); // 阻塞版: leftPop(key, timeout, unit)
    }

    @Test
    public void testSetOperations() {
        SetOperations<String, String> ops = redisTemplate.opsForSet();
        ops.add("tags", "java", "spring", "redis");
        ops.members("tags"); // [java, spring, redis]
    }

    @Test
    public void testZSetOperations() {
        ZSetOperations<String, String> ops = redisTemplate.opsForZSet();
        ops.add("ranking", "player1", 100);
        ops.add("ranking", "player2", 200);
        ops.range("ranking", 0, -1); // 按分數升序
    }
}