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IntelliJ IDEA 搭建 SpringMVC + MyBatis + Maven (SSM) 整合完整教程

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IntelliJ IDEA 搭建 SpringMVC + MyBatis + Maven (SSM) 整合完整教程

從 MyEclipse 遷移到 IntelliJ IDEA 時，項目結構、Maven 依賴管理、配置文件組織方式差異較大。本文記錄在 IDEA 中從零搭建 SSM (Spring + SpringMVC + MyBatis) 整合項目的完整流程，涵蓋 Maven 依賴、配置文件分層、MyBatis Generator 逆向工程、Service/Controller 分層、JUnit 測試、Tomcat 部署驗證，幫助開發者快速落地企業級開發環境。

一、技術棧版本鎖定

組件	版本	說明
Spring Framework	4.0.3.RELEASE	核心容器、Web MVC、JDBC、事務、AOP、測試
MyBatis	3.2.6	持久層框架
MyBatis-Spring	1.2.2	Spring 整合包
MySQL Connector/J	5.1.30	JDBC 驅動
Commons DBCP	1.4	數據源連接池
Log4j / SLF4J	1.2.17 / 1.7.7	日誌門面與實現
Jackson	1.9.13	JSON 序列化
JSTL	1.2	JSP 標籤庫
FileUpload / Commons IO	1.3.1 / 2.4	文件上傳支持

二、Maven 依賴配置 (pom.xml 核心片段)

<properties>
    <spring.version>4.0.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <mybatis.version>3.2.6</mybatis.version>
    <slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version>
    <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <!-- 單元測試 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Spring 核心模組 -->
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-core</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-web</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-test</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency>

    <!-- MyBatis -->
    <dependency><groupId>org.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mybatis</artifactId><version>${mybatis.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId><version>1.2.2</version></dependency>

    <!-- Java EE API -->
    <dependency><groupId>javax</groupId><artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId><version>7.0</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency>

    <!-- 數據庫驅動與連接池 -->
    <dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.30</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId><artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId><version>1.4</version></dependency>

    <!-- JSTL -->
    <dependency><groupId>jstl</groupId><artifactId>jstl</artifactId><version>1.2</version></dependency>

    <!-- 日誌 -->
    <dependency><groupId>log4j</groupId><artifactId>log4j</artifactId><version>${log4j.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.slf4j</groupId><artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId><version>${slf4j.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>org.slf4j</groupId><artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId><version>${slf4j.version}</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.1.41</version></dependency>

    <!-- JSON -->
    <dependency><groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId><artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId><version>1.9.13</version></dependency>

    <!-- 文件上傳 -->
    <dependency><groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId><artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId><version>1.3.1</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>commons-io</groupId><artifactId>commons-io</artifactId><version>2.4</version></dependency>
    <dependency><groupId>commons-codec</groupId><artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId><version>1.9</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

三、配置文件分層架構

src/main/resources
├── jdbc.properties          # 數據源配置
├── log4j.properties         # 日誌配置
├── spring-mybatis.xml       # Spring + MyBatis 整合 (業務層、數據層、事務)
├── spring-mvc.xml           # SpringMVC 配置 (控制器、視圖解析器、消息轉換器)
├── generatorConfig.xml      # MyBatis Generator 逆向工程配置
└── mapping/                 # MyBatis XML 映射文件目錄 (自動生成)

1. jdbc.properties

driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
username=root
password=root
initialSize=0
maxActive=20
maxIdle=20
minIdle=1
maxWait=60000

2. spring-mybatis.xml (核心整合)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="https://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mybatis="https://mybatis.org/schema/mybatis-spring"
       xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
           https://mybatis.org/schema/mybatis-spring https://mybatis.org/schema/mybatis-spring.xsd">

    <!-- 1. 掃描業務組件 (Service、DAO 等) -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wangjie.spring" />

    <!-- 2. 加載屬性文件 -->
    <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="location" value="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 3. 數據源 (DBCP) -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${driver}" />
        <property name="url" value="${url}" />
        <property name="username" value="${username}" />
        <property name="password" value="${password}" />
        <property name="initialSize" value="${initialSize}" />
        <property name="maxActive" value="${maxActive}" />
        <property name="maxIdle" value="${maxIdle}" />
        <property name="minIdle" value="${minIdle}" />
        <property name="maxWait" value="${maxWait}" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 4. SqlSessionFactory (MyBatis-Spring 核心) -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapping/*.xml" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 5. Mapper 掃描器 (自動創建 DAO 代理) -->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.wangjie.spring.dao" />
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 6. 事務管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 7. 事務註解驅動 (可選，配合 @Transactional) -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

</beans>

3. log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger=INFO,Console,File

# 控制台輸出
log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Console.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.Console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%c] - %m%n

# 文件輸出 (滾動)
log4j.appender.File=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.File.File=logs/SpringMVC.log
log4j.appender.File.MaxFileSize=10MB
log4j.appender.File.Threshold=ALL
log4j.appender.File.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.File.layout.ConversionPattern=[%p] [%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}][%c]%m%n

4. spring-mvc.xml (Web 層)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="https://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 1. 掃描 Controller -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wangjie.spring.controller" />

    <!-- 2. 避免 IE 下 AJAX 返回 JSON 觸發下載 -->
    <bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter">
        <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
            <list><value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value></list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 3. 註解適配器 + 消息轉換器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
        <property name="messageConverters">
            <list><ref bean="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" /></list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 4. 視圖解析器 (JSP) -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 5. 文件上傳解析器 -->
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8" />
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760000" />
        <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960" />
    </bean>

</beans>

5. web.xml (部署描述符)

<web-app xmlns="https://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" version="3.1">
    <display-name>SSM Demo</display-name>

    <!-- Spring 容器啟動 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring-mybatis.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!-- 編碼過濾器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param><param-name>encoding</param-name><param-value>UTF-8</param-value></init-param>
        <init-param><param-name>forceEncoding</param-name><param-value>true</param-value></init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!-- SpringMVC DispatcherServlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        <async-supported>true</async-supported>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <welcome-file-list><welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file></welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

四、MyBatis Generator 逆向工程

1. 建表語句

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_user`;
CREATE TABLE `t_user` (
    `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `username` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
    `password` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `t_user` VALUES ('2', 'tom', '123456');
INSERT INTO `t_user` VALUES ('3', 'rose', '123456');
INSERT INTO `t_user` VALUES ('4', 'aa', '123456');

2. generatorConfig.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<generatorConfiguration>
    <classPathEntry location="mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.jar" />
    <context id="DB2Tables" targetRuntime="MyBatis3">
        <commentGenerator>
            <property name="suppressDate" value="true" />
            <property name="suppressAllComments" value="true" />
        </commentGenerator>
        <jdbcConnection driverClass="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
                        connectionURL="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"
                        userId="root" password="root" />
        <javaTypeResolver>
            <property name="forceBigDecimals" value="false" />
        </javaTypeResolver>
        <javaModelGenerator targetPackage="com.wangjie.spring.model" targetProject="src/main/java">
            <property name="enableSubPackages" value="true" />
            <property name="trimStrings" value="true" />
        </javaModelGenerator>
        <sqlMapGenerator targetPackage="mapping" targetProject="src/main/resources">
            <property name="enableSubPackages" value="true" />
        </sqlMapGenerator>
        <javaClientGenerator type="XMLMAPPER" targetPackage="com.wangjie.spring.dao" targetProject="src/main/java">
            <property name="enableSubPackages" value="true" />
        </javaClientGenerator>
        <table tableName="t_user" domainObjectName="User" />
    </context>
</generatorConfiguration>

3. 執行生成

# 命令行進入 generatorConfig.xml 目錄
java -jar mybatis-generator-core-1.3.2.jar -configfile generatorConfig.xml -overwrite

Generator 執行成功

生成文件結構

五、業務代碼實現

1. Service 接口與實現

// Service 接口
package com.wangjie.spring.service;
public interface UserService {
    User getUserById(int userId);
}

// Service 實現
package com.wangjie.spring.service.impl;
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Resource
    private UserMapper userMapper; // MyBatis Mapper 接口自動注入

    @Override
    public User getUserById(int userId) {
        return this.userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(userId);
    }
}

2. Controller

package com.wangjie.spring.controller;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    @Resource
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("/showUser")
    public String toIndex(HttpServletRequest request, Model model) {
        int userId = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
        User user = this.userService.getUserById(userId);
        model.addAttribute("user", user);
        return "showUser"; // 視圖解析器 → /WEB-INF/jsp/showUser.jsp
    }
}

3. JSP 視圖

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>用戶詳情</title></head>
<body>
    用戶ID: ${user.id} <br/>
    用戶名: ${user.username} <br/>
    密碼: ${user.password}
</body>
</html>

六、JUnit 整合測試

package test.java;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:spring-mybatis.xml" })
public class TestMyBatis {
    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TestMyBatis.class);

    @Resource
    private UserService userService;

    @Test
    public void test() {
        User user = userService.getUserById(2);
        logger.info(JSON.toJSONString(user));
    }
}

JUnit 測試通過

七、IDEA Tomcat 部署配置

Run/Debug Configurations → `+` → `Tomcat Server` → `Local`
Deployment 標籤 → `+` → `Artifact` → 選擇 `xxx:war exploded`
Application context 設置為 `/` 或項目名
Server 標籤 → 配置 JRE、VM Options、On 'Update' action: `Update classes and resources`
啟動，訪問 https://localhost:8080/user/showUser?id=2 驗證

Tomcat 部署配置

Controller 代碼

JSP 頁面

八、常見坑點與避坑指南

問題	原因	解決
Mapper 接口找不到 / 注入失敗	MapperScannerConfigurer basePackage 錯誤	檢查包路徑與掃描路徑一致
SQL 執行報錯 / 字段映射失敗	Generator 生成的 resultMap 與實際表結構不符	重新生成或手動修正 mapping XML
事務不生效	未配置事務管理器 / 未掃描 Service 包 / 方法非 public	補全事務配置、確保 @Service 在 component-scan 範圍內
中文亂碼	jdbc.url 缺少編碼參數 / 過濾器未生效	url 加 `useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8`、配置 CharacterEncodingFilter
404 / 視圖解析失敗	ViewResolver prefix/suffix 與 JSP 實際路徑不匹配	確認 JSP 在 /WEB-INF/jsp/ 下，返回邏輯視圖名無後綴
Jackson 序列化報錯	版本衝突 / 缺少註解適配器配置	統一 Jackson 版本、配置 MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter

九、現代化升級建議

當前教程基於 Spring 4.x + XML 配置，生產環境建議升級：

Spring Boot 2.x/3.x：自動配置、Starter 依賴、內嵌容器、Actuator 監控
Java Config 替代 XML：`@Configuration`、`@MapperScan`、`@EnableTransactionManagement`
Druid/HikariCP 替代 DBCP：性能更強、監控更豐富
MyBatis-Plus / PageHelper：CRUD 封裝、分頁插件、代碼生成器
Logback + SLF4J 替代 Log4j 1.x：原生 SLF4J 實現、性能更好
Jackson 2.x：模塊化、Java 8 時間類型支持

總結

在 IDEA 中搭建 SSM 整合項目，核心在於 Maven 依賴管理規範化、配置文件分層解耦、MyBatis-Spring 無縫整合、Mapper 掃描器自動代理、事務管理器統一事務控制、DispatcherServlet 前端控制器調度。掌握這套「XML 版 SSM」搭建流程，不僅能應對維護老項目，更能深入理解 Spring 容器啟動、Bean 定義註冊、AOP 代理創建、事務攔截器織入等核心機制，為遷移 Spring Boot、排查疑難雜癥打下堅實基礎。