SSH 框架整合完整實戰：Struts2 + Spring + Hibernate 手把手搭建教程

SSH 框架整合完整實戰：Struts2 + Spring + Hibernate 手把手搭建教程

基於 MyEclipse 9 內置框架支持，記錄 Struts 2.3.24 + Hibernate 3.6.10 + Spring 4.3.2 + MySQL 5.5 整合全流程，含 JAR 管理、三層代碼、核心配置、事務管理、連接池優化、懶加載解決。

一、Web 項目創建與框架支持添加

1. New → Web Project
2. 右鍵項目 → MyEclipse → Add Framework Support → 勾選 Struts2、Hibernate、Spring
3. 注意：Struts2 與 Hibernate 共用 antlr JAR，版本衝突需排除一份 (MyEclipse 9 有此問題，10 版本已修復)

二、三層架構代碼實現

實體類與映射 (DB Browser 反向生成)

DAO 接口與實現 (兩種 HibernateTemplate 用法)

// 方式1：繼承 HibernateDaoSupport
public class UsersDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UsersDao {
    public Users loginCheck(Users u) {
        List<Users> list = getHibernateTemplate().find(
            "from Users where name=? and password=?", u.getName(), u.getPassword());
        return list.size()>0 ? list.get(0) : null;
    }
}

// 方式2：注入 HibernateTemplate
public class DistrictDaoImpl implements DistrictDao {
    private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
    public int addReg(District d) {
        try { hibernateTemplate.save(d); return 1; }
        catch (DataAccessException e) { return 0; }
    }
    // getter/setter
}

Service 接口與實現

public class UsersServiceImpl implements UsersService {
    private UsersDao udd;
    public Users loginCheck(Users u) { return udd.loginCheck(u); }
    // getter/setter
}

Action 控制器 (實現 RequestAware 存取 request)

public class UsersAction extends ActionSupport implements RequestAware {
    private Map<String,Object> request;
    private UsersService uss;
    public String login() {
        Users u = uss.loginCheck(getUser());
        if (u != null) { request.put("user", u); return SUCCESS; }
        return LOGIN;
    }
    // getter/setter
}

三、核心配置文件

web.xml

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<filter>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

<!-- 解決懶加載: OpenSessionInViewFilter -->
<filter>
    <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

struts.xml

<package name="user" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
    <action name="*User" class="userAction" method="{1}">
        <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
        <result name="login">/login.jsp</result>
    </action>
</package>

applicationContext.xml (完整版：數據源 + SessionFactory + 聲明式事務 AOP + Bean 裝配)

<beans xmlns="..." xmlns:aop="..." xmlns:tx="...">
    <!-- 1. C3P0 連接池 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl"/>
        <property name="user" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="admin"/>
        <property name="initialPoolSize" value="1"/>
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="1"/>
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="300"/>
        <property name="maxIdleTime" value="60"/>
        <property name="acquireIncrement" value="5"/>
        <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="60"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 2. SessionFactory (掃描映射文件) -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9Dialect</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
        <property name="mappingResources">
            <list>
                <value>com/entity/District.hbm.xml</value>
                <value>com/entity/House.hbm.xml</value>
                <value>com/entity/Street.hbm.xml</value>
                <value>com/entity/Type2.hbm.xml</value>
                <value>com/entity/Users.hbm.xml</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 3. 事務管理器 -->
    <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 4. 事務通知 (AOP) -->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="serviceMethod" expression="execution(* com.service.impl.*.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="serviceMethod"/>
    </aop:config>

    <!-- 5. Bean 裝配 -->
    <bean id="userDaoImpl" class="com.dao.impl.UsersDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="userServiceImpl" class="com.service.impl.UsersServiceImpl">
        <property name="udd" ref="userDaoImpl"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="userAction" class="com.action.UsersAction">
        <property name="uss" ref="userServiceImpl"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- District 同理 -->
</beans>

四、Spring 創建數據源圖解 (MyEclipse 可視化操作)

五、測試驗證與懶加載解決

1. 部署 Tomcat 6
2. 訪問 https://localhost:8080/ssh/user
3. index.jsp 顯示 ${user.username} 成功
4. 嘗試 ${user.dept.deptName} 拋出 LazyInitializationException
5. 添加 OpenSessionInViewFilter 映射 *.action 解決

六、關鍵知識點總結