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Java Swing 圖書管理系統完整實現：CRUD 操作與分層架構

編輯：Java 相關知識

本文展示一個基於 Java Swing + JDBC + MySQL 的圖書管理系統完整源碼，涵蓋查詢、新增、修改、刪除四大核心功能，採用分層架構（視圖層、模型層、數據訪問層），代碼結構清晰，適合作為 Java 桌面應用開發的教學範例與項目起點。

一、系統設計

數據庫表結構

CREATE TABLE book_info (
    book_num   VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY,  -- 書號
    book_name  VARCHAR(100),             -- 書名
    book_writer VARCHAR(50),             -- 作者
    publish_house VARCHAR(100),          -- 出版社
    publish_time DATE,                   -- 出版日期
    book_price DECIMAL(10,2)             -- 價格
);

分層架構

Model：BookTableModel 繼承 AbstractTableModel，封裝 JDBC 查詢與表格數據綁定
View：BookInfo 主視窗（JTable + 工具欄）、AddBookDialog、ModifyBook 模態對話框
Controller：主視窗 actionPerformed 統一分發事件，調用 Model 更新數據並刷新視圖

二、核心代碼模組

1. 表格模型 —— 數據與視圖解耦

public class BookTableModel extends AbstractTableModel {
    private Vector<Vector<String>> rowData = new Vector<>();
    private Vector<String> colName = new Vector<>(Arrays.asList("書號","書名","作者","出版社","出版時間","價格"));
    private PreparedStatement stmt;
    private ResultSet rs;
    
    public BookTableModel(String sql) throws SQLException { initData(sql); }
    public BookTableModel() throws SQLException { this("SELECT * FROM book_info"); }
    
    private void initData(String sql) throws SQLException {
        // 載入驅動、獲取連接、執行查詢、填充 rowData
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/device", "root", "zjq1314520");
        stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        rs = stmt.executeQuery();
        while (rs.next()) {
            Vector<String> row = new Vector<>();
            for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++) row.add(rs.getString(i));
            rowData.add(row);
        }
        rs.close();
    }
    
    // 實現 AbstractTableModel 三個抽象方法
    @Override public int getRowCount() { return rowData.size(); }
    @Override public int getColumnCount() { return colName.size(); }
    @Override public Object getValueAt(int r, int c) { return rowData.get(r).get(c); }
    @Override public String getColumnName(int c) { return colName.get(c); }
    
    public void addBook(String sql) { executeUpdate(sql); }
    public void deleteBook(String sql) { executeUpdate(sql); }
    private void executeUpdate(String sql) { /* 執行更新並捕獲異常 */ }
}

2. 主視窗 —— 統一事件分發

public class BookInfo extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
    private JTable bookTable;
    private BookTableModel bookTableModel;
    private JTextField searchField;
    
    public BookInfo() throws SQLException {
        initComponents();
        layoutComponents();
        registerListeners();
        refreshTable();
    }
    
    private void initComponents() {
        searchField = new JTextField(15);
        JButton btnSearch = new JButton("查詢");
        JButton btnAdd = new JButton("添加");
        JButton btnModify = new JButton("修改");
        JButton btnDelete = new JButton("刪除");
        JButton btnRefresh = new JButton("刷新");
        
        bookTableModel = new BookTableModel();
        bookTable = new JTable(bookTableModel);
    }
    
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        Object src = e.getSource();
        if (src == btnSearch) { doSearch(); }
        else if (src == btnAdd) { new AddBookDialog(this, "添加圖書", true); refreshTable(); }
        else if (src == btnModify) { doModify(); }
        else if (src == btnDelete) { doDelete(); }
        else if (src == btnRefresh) { refreshTable(); }
    }
    
    private void doSearch() { /* 根據書名查詢並更新 TableModel */ }
    private void doModify() { /* 獲取選中行 → 彈出 ModifyBook 對話框 → 刷新 */ }
    private void doDelete() { /* 確認對話框 → 執行刪除 SQL → 刷新 */ }
    private void refreshTable() { /* 重新查詢所有數據並設置 Model */ }
}

3. 新增/修改對話框 —— 模態交互

public class AddBookDialog extends JDialog implements ActionListener {
    private JTextField[] fields = new JTextField[6]; // 書號、書名、作者、出版社、價格、出版時間
    private JButton btnOk, btnCancel;
    
    public AddBookDialog(Frame owner, String title, boolean modal) {
        super(owner, title, modal);
        initFields();
        layoutFields();
        registerListeners();
        setVisible(true);
    }
    
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if (e.getSource() == btnOk) {
            if (Arrays.stream(fields).anyMatch(f -> f.getText().isEmpty())) {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "所有欄位必填");
                return;
            }
            String sql = buildInsertSQL();
            try { new BookTableModel().addBook(sql); }
            catch (SQLException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); }
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "添加成功");
            dispose();
        } else if (e.getSource() == btnCancel) dispose();
    }
}