Android 監聽未接來電完整實作：PhoneStateListener + BroadcastReceiver + 權限配置

Android 系統未提供直接的「未接來電」廣播，需組合 PhoneStateListener 監聽通話狀態變化 (RINGING → IDLE) 判斷未接來電。本文提供完整實作：狀態監聽器、廣播接收器啟動監聽、Manifest 註冊與權限聲明。

核心架構

1. CallListener：繼承 PhoneStateListener，覆寫 onCallStateChanged() 偵測 CALL_STATE_RINGING → CALL_STATE_IDLE 轉換
2. CallReceiver：繼承 BroadcastReceiver，接收 PHONE_STATE 廣播，向 TelephonyManager 註冊 CallListener
3. Manifest：聲明 READ_PHONE_STATE 權限、註冊 CallReceiver (高優先級)

完整程式碼實作

1. CallListener.java — 狀態變化偵測

public class CallListener extends PhoneStateListener {
    private static final String TAG = "MissedCallDetector";
    private static int lastState = TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE;
    private final Context context;

    public CallListener(Context context) {
        this.context = context;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCallStateChanged(int state, String incomingNumber) {
        Log.d(TAG, "State changed: " + state + " number: " + incomingNumber);

        // 關鍵判斷：上一狀態響鈴，當前狀態閒置 = 未接來電
        if (lastState == TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING &&
            state == TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE) {
            handleMissedCall(incomingNumber);
        }
        lastState = state;
    }

    private void handleMissedCall(String number) {
        Log.i(TAG, "Missed call from: " + number);
        // TODO: 發送通知、記錄日誌、呼叫 API、啟動 Service 等業務邏輯
        // 注意：這裡在主執行緒，耗時操作請用 Handler/Thread/Service
    }
}

2. CallReceiver.java — 廣播啟動監聽

public class CallReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    private static final String TAG = "MissedCallDetector";

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Log.i(TAG, "PHONE_STATE broadcast received");
        String action = intent.getAction();
        if (!TelephonyManager.ACTION_PHONE_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) return;

        TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
        CallListener listener = new CallListener(context);
        // 僅監聽通話狀態，避免不必要的回調
        tm.listen(listener, PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_CALL_STATE);

        // 可選：從意圖取得來電號碼 (部分 ROM 需此補充)
        Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();
        if (extras != null) {
            String number = extras.getString(TelephonyManager.EXTRA_INCOMING_NUMBER);
            Log.d(TAG, "Incoming number from broadcast: " + number);
        }
    }
}

3. AndroidManifest.xml — 權限與接收器註冊

<manifest xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.missedcall">

    <!-- 必須權限：讀取電話狀態 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />

    <application ...>
        <!-- 高優先級確保優先接收 -->
        <receiver
            android:name=".CallReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter android:priority="1000">
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.PHONE_STATE" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
    </application>
</manifest>

Android 版本相容性關鍵點

進階：長期監聽的 Foreground Service 方案

BroadcastReceiver 僅在來電時被喚醒，若 App 進程被殺死可能漏接。生產級方案：

// Manifest
<service android:name=".CallMonitorService"
    android:foregroundServiceType="phoneCall"
    android:exported="false" />

// CallMonitorService.java
public class CallMonitorService extends Service {
    private TelephonyManager tm;
    private CallListener listener;

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        createNotificationChannel();
        startForeground(1, buildNotification());
        tm = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
        listener = new CallListener(this);
        tm.listen(listener, PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_CALL_STATE);
        return START_STICKY;
    }

    @Override public void onDestroy() {
        if (tm != null && listener != null) tm.listen(listener, PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_NONE);
        super.onDestroy();
    }
    // ... Notification 建立略
}

常見問題排查

• 收不到廣播：檢查權限、Manifest 註冊、優先級、是否被電源管理白名單攔截
• 號碼為空：Android 10+ 需 READ_CALL_LOG 權限查詢 CallLog.Calls；雙卡設備可能需 SubscriptionManager
• 重複觸發：lastState 為 static 變數，進程重啟會重置，可持久化至 SharedPreferences
• 雙卡支援：API 30+ 使用 TelephonyManager.createForSubscriptionId(subId) 區分卡槽

原文標題錯誤提示：原標題為「struts2單個文件上傳的兩種完成方法」，但實際內容為 Android 未接來電監聽。本文已依實際內容重寫。