Spring Web Flow 2.0 入門基礎（二）：Spring Web MVC 環境搭建完整步驟

前置說明

Spring Web Flow 2.0 是 Spring Web MVC 的擴展，Flow 本質是特殊 Controller。必須先搭建完整 MVC 環境。

標準目錄結構

WebApp/
├── WEB-INF/
│   ├── lib/
│   ├── config/          # 配置文件目錄
│   ├── flows/           # Flow 定義目錄
│   ├── jsp/             # 視圖頁面
│   ├── web.xml
│   └── web-application-config.xml

核心 JAR 包

• commons-logging.jar
• jstl.jar / standard.jar
• spring-webmvc.jar
• spring.jar (核心容器)

web.xml - DispatcherServlet 配置

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>CartServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/config/web-application-config.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>CartServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/spring/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

web-application-config.xml - 全局配置入口

<beans xmlns="https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context="https://www.springframework.org/schema/context">
    
    <context:component-scan base-package="samples.webflow"/>
    <context:annotation-config/>
    <import resource="webmvc-config.xml"/>
    <!-- 後續添加: <import resource="webflow-config.xml"/> -->
</beans>

webmvc-config.xml - MVC 核心配置

<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>

<bean id="viewMappings" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
    <property name="defaultHandler">
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.UrlFilenameViewController"/>
    </property>
</bean>

index.jsp - 測試頁面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="https://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <title>Cart Application</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Hello!</h1>
</body>
</html>

驗證步驟

1. 發布至 Tomcat
2. 訪問 https://localhost:8080/CartApp/spring/index.jsp
3. 頁面顯示 "Hello!" 表示 MVC 配置成功

配置解析

• DispatcherServlet：前端控制器，攔截 /spring/*
• UrlFilenameViewController：將 /index 映射為視圖名 index
• InternalResourceViewResolver：視圖名 → /WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp
• 模塊化配置：import 機制分離關注點