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Struts 2.0 整合 Hibernate 3.2 開發註冊登入系統完整教學

編輯：Java 相關知識

前言

本教學將示範如何使用 Struts 2.0 與 Hibernate 3.2 搭建一個完整的用戶註冊與登入系統。開發環境採用 MyEclipse 6.0、Tomcat 5.5、JDK 1.5 以及 MySQL 5.0。文章將從專案結構規劃、配置檔編寫、實體類設計、DAO 層實作、Action 處理、前端頁面到驗證碼元件，逐步講解完整開發流程。

專案結構總覽

開發完成後的套件與類別關係圖如下：

專案包類圖

步驟 1：建立 Web 專案並導入 Jar 包

在 MyEclipse 中建立名為 LoginSystem 的 Web Project，將 Struts 2.0 和 Hibernate 3.2 所需的所有 Jar 包放入 WebRoot/WEB-INF/lib 目錄下。

步驟 2：配置 Hibernate 核心配置檔

在 src 目錄下建立 hibernate.cfg.xml，配置資料庫連線資訊與映射檔：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
  "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
  "https://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
  <session-factory>
    <property name="connection.username">root</property>
    <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/LoginSystem</property>
    <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
    <property name="connection.password">root</property>
    <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
    <property name="show_sql">true</property>
    <!-- POJO 類映射配置 -->
    <mapping resource="com/rong/ORM/User.hbm.xml" />
  </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

步驟 3：建立實體類與映射檔

在 com.rong.ORM 套件下建立 User.java 與 User.hbm.xml。

User.java

package com.rong.ORM;

public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String pwd;

    // Getter/Setter 方法
    public String getName() { return name; }
    public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
    public String getPwd() { return pwd; }
    public void setPwd(String pwd) { this.pwd = pwd; }
    public int getId() { return id; }
    public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; }
}

User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"https://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
  <class name="com.rong.ORM.User" table="tb_user">
    <id name="id">
      <generator class="native"/>
    </id>
    <property name="name" type="java.lang.String" length="20"/>
    <property name="pwd" type="java.lang.String" length="20"/>
  </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

步驟 4：建立資料庫匯出工具類

利用 Hibernate 的 SchemaExport 自動建立資料表，前提是 MySQL 中已建立 LoginSystem 資料庫。

package tool;

import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;

public class ExportDB {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
        SchemaExport export = new SchemaExport(cfg);
        export.create(true, true);
    }
}

步驟 5：封裝 HibernateUtil 管理 Session

採用單例模式確保 SessionFactory 僅初始化一次，提供開啟與關閉 Session 的方法。

package com.rong.hibernate;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class HibernateUtil {
    private static String configFile = "/hibernate.cfg.xml";
    private static Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
    private static SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;

    static {
        try {
            configuration.configure(configFile);
            sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
            System.out.println("[標記]初始化SessionFactory");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("[異常]創建SessionFactory時發生異常");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public Session getSession() {
        Session session = null;
        try { session = sessionFactory.openSession(); }
        catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
        return session;
    }

    public void closeSession(Session session) {
        try { if (session != null) session.close(); }
        catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
    }
}

步驟 6：DAO 層設計

定義介面 UserDao 與實作類 UserDaoImpl，封裝新增用戶與登入驗證邏輯。

UserDao.java

package com.rong.DAO;
import com.rong.ORM.User;

public interface UserDao {
    void add(User user);
    int isExist(String name, String password); // -1:用戶不存在 -2:密碼錯誤 >0:登入成功返回ID
}

UserDaoImpl.java

package com.rong.DAO;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.rong.ORM.User;
import com.rong.hibernate.HibernateUtil;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    HibernateUtil util = new HibernateUtil();

    public void add(User user) {
        Session session = util.getSession();
        Transaction ts = null;
        try {
            ts = session.beginTransaction();
            session.save(user);
            ts.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
        finally { util.closeSession(session); }
    }

    public int isExist(String name, String password) {
        Session session = util.getSession();
        try {
            Query query = session.createQuery("from User u where u.name = ?");
            query.setString(0, name);
            List list = query.list();
            if (list == null || list.size() == 0) return -1;

            Query query2 = session.createQuery("from User u where u.name = ? and u.pwd = ?");
            query2.setString(0, name);
            query2.setString(1, password);
            List list2 = query2.list();
            if (list2 == null || list2.size() == 0) return -2;

            Iterator it = list.iterator();
            User user = (User) it.next();
            return user.getId();
        } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return 0; }
        finally { util.closeSession(session); }
    }
}

步驟 7：配置 web.xml 支援 Struts 2

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="https://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
  xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="https://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee https://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2.5.xsd">
  <filter>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

步驟 8：前端頁面開發

登入頁 login.jsp

使用 Struts 標籤庫，包含帳號、密碼、驗證碼輸入欄位。

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="gbk"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html><head><title>Login Page</title></head><body>
<p><a href="register.jsp">用戶註冊</a> | 用戶登入 </p>
<s:form action="loginAction" theme="simple">
<table>
  <tr><td>帳號</td><td><s:textfield name="name" label="帳號" /></td></tr>
  <tr><td>密碼</td><td><s:password name="pwd" label="密碼" /></td></tr>
  <tr><td>驗證碼</td><td><s:textfield name="inputCertCode" cssStyle="width:100px"/>
      <img src="other/makeCertPic.jsp"></td></tr>
  <tr><td><s:submit value="登入" /></td>
      <td><s:reset value="取消"/></td></tr>
</table>
</s:form>
<s:fielderror cssStyle="color:red"/>
</body></html>

註冊頁 register.jsp

包含帳號、密碼、確認密碼、驗證碼欄位，表單提交至 registerAction。

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="gbk"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<html><head><title>Register Page</title></head><body>
<p><a href="login.jsp">用戶登入</a> | 用戶註冊 </p>
<s:form action="registerAction" theme="simple">
<table>
  <tr><td>請輸入帳號</td><td><s:textfield name="user.name" label="帳號" /></td></tr>
  <tr><td>請輸入密碼</td><td><s:password name="user.pwd" label="密碼" /></td></tr>
  <tr><td>請再次輸入密碼</td><td><s:password name="repwd" label="重複密碼" /></td></tr>
  <tr><td>請輸入驗證碼</td><td><s:textfield name="inputCertCode" cssStyle="width:100px"/>
      <img src="other/makeCertPic.jsp"></td></tr>
  <tr><td><s:submit value="註冊" /></td><td><s:reset value="取消"/></td></tr>
</table>
</s:form>
<s:fielderror cssStyle="color:red"/>
</body></html>

步驟 9：驗證碼生成元件

將 makeCertPic.jsp 放置於 WebRoot/other 目錄，調用 com.rong.other.makeCertPic Bean 生成圖片並將驗證碼存入 Session。

<%@page contentType="image/jpeg" pageEncoding="gbk"%>
<jsp:useBean id="image" scope="page" class="com.rong.other.makeCertPic" />
<%
  String str = image.getCertPic(0,0,response.getOutputStream());
  session.setAttribute("certCode", str);
%>

核心類 makeCertPic.java 使用 Java 2D API 繪製干擾線與隨機字元：

package com.rong.other;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

public class makeCertPic {
    private char mapTable[] = { 'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m',
        'n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z','0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9' };

    public String getCertPic(int width, int height, OutputStream os) {
        if (width <= 0) width = 60;
        if (height <= 0) height = 20;
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
        g.setColor(new Color(0xDCDCDC));
        g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
        g.setColor(Color.black);
        g.drawRect(0, 0, width-1, height-1);

        String strEnsure = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
            strEnsure += mapTable[(int)(mapTable.length * Math.random())];
        }
        g.setFont(new Font("Atlantic Inline", Font.PLAIN, 18));
        g.drawString(strEnsure.substring(0,1), 8, 17);
        g.drawString(strEnsure.substring(1,2), 20, 15);
        g.drawString(strEnsure.substring(2,3), 35, 18);
        g.drawString(strEnsure.substring(3,4), 45, 15);

        Random rand = new Random();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            g.drawOval(rand.nextInt(width), rand.nextInt(height), 1, 1);
        }
        g.dispose();
        try { ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", os); }
        catch (Exception e) { return ""; }
        return strEnsure;
    }
}

步驟 10：配置 struts.xml

定義登入與註冊 Action 的結果導向。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"https://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
  <package name="com.rong.action" extends="struts-default">
    <action name="loginAction" class="com.rong.action.LoginAction">
      <result name="success" type="redirect">/back/index.jsp</result>
      <result name="input">/login.jsp</result>
    </action>
    <action name="registerAction" class="com.rong.action.RegisterAction">
      <result name="success" type="redirect">/login.jsp</result>
      <result name="input">/register.jsp</result>
    </action>
  </package>
</struts>

步驟 11：Action 層實作

LoginAction.java

處理登入邏輯與驗證碼校驗，繼承 ActionSupport 並實作 validate() 方法。

package com.rong.action;
import java.util.Map;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.rong.DAO.UserDao;
import com.rong.DAO.UserDaoImpl;
import com.rong.ORM.User;

public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {
    private UserDao userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
    private String name, pwd, inputCertCode;
    private int id;

    // Getter/Setter 略

    @Override
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        int state = userDao.isExist(name, pwd);
        if (state == -1) { addFieldError("name", "用戶名不正確，請先註冊!"); return INPUT; }
        else if (state == -2) { addFieldError("pwd", "密碼不正確，請重新輸入!"); return INPUT; }
        else if (state > 0) { this.id = state; return SUCCESS; }
        else { addFieldError("name", "登入失敗，請聯繫管理員!"); return INPUT; }
    }

    public void validate() {
        if (inputCertCode == null || "".equals(inputCertCode)) {
            addFieldError("inputCertCode", "驗證碼不能為空!");
        } else {
            Map session = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
            String certCode = session.get("certCode").toString();
            if (!certCode.equals(inputCertCode)) addFieldError("inputCertCode", "驗證碼不正確!");
        }
    }
}

RegisterAction.java

處理用戶註冊與表單驗證。

package com.rong.action;
import java.util.Map;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.rong.DAO.UserDao;
import com.rong.DAO.UserDaoImpl;
import com.rong.ORM.User;

public class RegisterAction extends ActionSupport {
    private UserDao userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
    private User user;
    private String repwd, inputCertCode;

    // Getter/Setter 略

    @Override
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        userDao.add(user);
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    @Override
    public void validate() {
        // 驗證碼校驗邏輯同 LoginAction
        if (inputCertCode == null || "".equals(inputCertCode)) {
            addFieldError("inputCertCode", "驗證碼不能為空!");
        } else {
            Map session = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
            String certCode = session.get("certCode").toString();
            if (!certCode.equals(inputCertCode)) addFieldError("inputCertCode", "驗證碼不正確!");
        }
    }
}

步驟 12：配置驗證框架

在 Action 同目錄下建立 LoginAction-validation.xml 與 RegisterAction-validation.xml，使用 Struts 內建驗證器進行必填、正則與欄位比對驗證。

<!-- LoginAction-validation.xml 片段 -->
<validators>
  <field name="name">
    <field-validator type="requiredstring">
      <param name="trim">true</param>
      <message>用戶名不能為空!</message>
    </field-validator>
    <field-validator type="regex">
      <param name="expression"><![CDATA[(\w{4,8})]]></param>
      <message>帳號必須是長度 4-8 的數字或字母！</message>
    </field-validator>
  </field>
  <field name="pwd">
    <field-validator type="requiredstring">
      <param name="trim">true</param>
      <message>密碼不能為空!</message>
    </field-validator>
    <field-validator type="regex">
      <param name="expression"><![CDATA[(\w{4,8})]]></param>
      <message>密碼必須長度 4-8 的數字或字母！</message>
    </field-validator>
  </field>
</validators>

<!-- RegisterAction-validation.xml 片段 -->
<validators>
  <field name="user.name"> ... </field>
  <field name="user.pwd"> ... </field>
  <field name="repwd">
    <field-validator type="requiredstring" short-circuit="true">
      <message>重複密碼不能為空!</message>
    </field-validator>
    <field-validator type="fieldexpression">
      <param name="expression"><![CDATA[repwd==user.pwd]]></param>
      <message>兩次輸入的密碼要一致!</message>
    </field-validator>
  </field>
</validators>