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WCF 測試實戰指南：從服務建置到自動化測試工具開發

編輯：關於.NET

測試策略：超越手動驗證

WCF 服務測試不僅是驗證功能正確性，更涉及傳輸協議、安全性、併發、效能等多維度。手動測試耗時、易錯、難回歸。本文示範建構自動化測試工具，實現持續整合就緒的測試管線。

待測系統架構

服務端：IIS 託管 WCF 服務（CryptoHashService），提供 MD5/SHA1 雜湊運算
消費端：ASP.NET Web 應用透過服務參考呼叫 WCF
測試工具：獨立 Console 應用，直接對服務端點發送請求並驗證回應

服務端快速建置

1. 定義服務契約

[ServiceContract]
public interface ICryptoHashService
{
    [OperationContract]
    string GetCryptoHash(string input);
}

2. 實作服務邏輯


public class CryptoHashService : ICryptoHashService
{
    public string GetCryptoHash(string input)
    {
        byte[] bytes = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(input);
        using (var md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider())
        {
            byte[] hash = md5.ComputeHash(bytes);
            return BitConverter.ToString(hash); // 格式：E6-76-0D-55...
        }
    }
}

3. Web.config 關鍵配置

<system.serviceModel>
  <services>
    <service name="CryptoHashService" behaviorConfiguration="ServiceBehavior">
      <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="ICryptoHashService" />
      <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />
    </service>
  </services>
  <behaviors>
    <serviceBehaviors>
      <behavior name="ServiceBehavior">
        <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
        <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" />
      </behavior>
    </serviceBehaviors>
  </behaviors>
</system.serviceModel>

自動化測試工具開發

1. 使用 svcutil.exe 產生 Proxy

svcutil.exe https://localhost/WCF/CryptoHashService/Service.svc
// 產生 CryptoHashService.cs (Proxy代碼) 與 output.config (繫結配置)

2. 測試資料模型

public class TestCaseData
{
    public string CaseId { get; }
    public string Input { get; }
    public string ExpectedHash { get; }

    public TestCaseData(string id, string input, string expected)
    {
        CaseId = id; Input = input; ExpectedHash = expected;
    }
}

3. 程式化配置繫結（而非 app.config）

var wsb = new WSHttpBinding
{
    Name = "WSHttpBinding_ICryptoHashService",
    CloseTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1),
    OpenTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1),
    ReceiveTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10),
    SendTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1),
    MaxReceivedMessageSize = 65536,
    MessageEncoding = WSMessageEncoding.Text,
    Security = { Mode = SecurityMode.Message }
};

var epa = new EndpointAddress("https://localhost/WCF/CryptoHashService/Service.svc");
var client = new CryptoHashServiceClient(wsb, epa);

4. 測試執行引擎

var testCases = new List<TestCaseData>
{
    new TestCaseData("001", "Hello world", "E6-76-0D-55-5C-32-F6-6F-5E-15-93-31-DB-20-FD-8E"),
    new TestCaseData("002", "Goodbye world", "1A-05-3C-C0-4A-18-13-06-0E-AC-EA-BA-46-EC-CF-B1"),
    new TestCaseData("003", "", "D4-1D-8C-D9-8F-00-B2-04-E9-80-09-98-EC-F8-42-7E")
};

foreach (var tc in testCases)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Case: {tc.CaseId} | Input: {tc.Input}");
    string actual = client.GetCryptoHash(tc.Input);
    bool passed = actual == tc.ExpectedHash;
    Console.WriteLine($"Expected: {tc.ExpectedHash}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Actual:   {actual}");
    Console.WriteLine(passed ? "* PASS *" : "** FAIL **");
    Console.WriteLine();
}