C# 設計模式實戰：Abstract Factory 抽象工廠模式完整解析（一）

模式意圖

提供一個介面，建立一系列相關或相依物件，而無需指定其具體類別。

應用場景：FPS 遊戲場景初始化

休閒 FPS 遊戲，8-16 人分組對戰。場景初始化需載入兩大元素：模型（骨架）與 紋理（貼圖）。地圖數量持續增加，若直接在代碼中硬編碼具體類別，擴充極其困難。引入 Abstract Factory，工廠產出介面/抽象類別，新增場景無需修改載入邏輯。

完整實作代碼

using System;
using System.Reflection;

namespace AbstractFactoryExample
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Patrix patrix = new Patrix();
            patrix.LoadScene("HalfPaper");
            patrix.LoadScene("Matrix");
        }
    }

    class Patrix
    {
        private PatrixSceneFactory GetGameScene(string sceneName)
        {
            return (PatrixSceneFactory)Assembly.Load("AbstractFactoryExample")
                .CreateInstance("AbstractFactoryExample." + sceneName);
        }

        public void LoadScene(string sceneName)
        {
            PatrixSceneFactory psf = GetGameScene(sceneName);
            Texture texture = psf.CreateTexture();
            Model model = psf.CreateModel();
            model.FillTexture(texture);
        }
    }

    abstract class PatrixSceneFactory
    {
        public abstract Model CreateModel();
        public abstract Texture CreateTexture();
    }

    abstract class Model
    {
        public abstract void FillTexture(Texture texture);
    }

    abstract class Texture { }

    // HalfPaper 場景系列
    class HalfPaper : PatrixSceneFactory
    {
        public override Model CreateModel() => new HalfPaperModel();
        public override Texture CreateTexture() => new HalfPaperTexture();
    }
    class HalfPaperModel : Model
    {
        public HalfPaperModel() => Console.WriteLine("HalfPaper Model Created");
        public override void FillTexture(Texture texture) => Console.WriteLine("HalfPaper Model is filled Texture");
    }
    class HalfPaperTexture : Texture
    {
        public HalfPaperTexture() => Console.WriteLine("HalfPaper Texture Created");
    }

    // Matrix 場景系列
    class Matrix : PatrixSceneFactory
    {
        public override Model CreateModel() => new MatrixModel();
        public override Texture CreateTexture() => new MatrixTexture();
    }
    class MatrixModel : Model
    {
        public MatrixModel() => Console.WriteLine("Matrix Model Created");
        public override void FillTexture(Texture texture) => Console.WriteLine("Matrix Model is filled Texture");
    }
    class MatrixTexture : Texture
    {
        public MatrixTexture() => Console.WriteLine("Matrix Texture Created");
    }
}

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