本程式改編自經典的 minimad 範例,目標是實現一個精簡的 MP3 解碼播放器,直接輸出 PCM 數據到聲音裝置 (/dev/dsp)。適合嵌入式 Linux 環境或學習音訊解碼流程的開發者參考。
# 編譯 (需連結 libmad)
gcc MyMinimad.c -o MyMinimad -lmad -g -Wall
# 執行
./MyMinimad filename.mp3
struct buffer:管理輸入緩衝區,包含起始指標 start 與剩餘長度 length。static int sfd:聲音裝置檔案描述符 (/dev/dsp)。mmap 將整個檔案映射到記憶體,避免反覆 read 系統調用,提升效率。decode() 進入 libmad 解碼主循環。munmap, close)。libmad 採用回調模式,需實作三個核心回調:
mad_stream_buffer,後續不再提供數據 (length=0) 以結束串流。mad_fixed_t 定點數轉為 16-bit 有號整數 (Little Endian),依聲道數交錯寫入輸出緩衝區,最後 write 到聲音裝置。注意:範例中採樣率乘 2 (speed = samplerate * 2) 可能為特定硬體調整,實際使用請依裝置規格設定。MAD_FLOW_CONTINUE 嘗試繼續解碼。scale()static inline signed int scale(mad_fixed_t sample)
{
// 四捨五入並飽和處理,轉為 16-bit 範圍
sample += (1L << (MAD_F_FRACBITS - 16));
if (sample >= MAD_F_ONE) sample = MAD_F_ONE - 1;
else if (sample < -MAD_F_ONE) sample = -MAD_F_ONE;
return sample >> (MAD_F_FRACBITS + 1 - 16);
}
[c]
/* MyMinimad.c - 2008/09/17 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/soundcard.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <mad.h>
struct buffer {
unsigned char const *start;
unsigned long length;
};
static int sfd;
static int decode(unsigned char const *, unsigned long);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct stat stat;
void *fdm;
char const *file;
int fd;
file = argv[1];
fd = open(file, O_RDONLY);
if ((sfd = open("/dev/dsp", O_WRONLY)) < 0) {
printf("can not open device!!!/n");
return 5;
}
ioctl(sfd, SNDCTL_DSP_SYNC, 0);
if (fstat(fd, &stat) == -1 || stat.st_size == 0) return 2;
fdm = mmap(0, stat.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
if (fdm == MAP_FAILED) return 3;
decode(fdm, stat.st_size);
if (munmap(fdm, stat.st_size) == -1) return 4;
ioctl(sfd, SNDCTL_DSP_RESET, 0);
close(sfd);
return 0;
}
static enum mad_flow input(void *data, struct mad_stream *stream)
{
struct buffer *buffer = data;
if (!buffer->length) return MAD_FLOW_STOP;
mad_stream_buffer(stream, buffer->start, buffer->length);
buffer->length = 0;
return MAD_FLOW_CONTINUE;
}
static inline signed int scale(mad_fixed_t sample)
{
sample += (1L << (MAD_F_FRACBITS - 16));
if (sample >= MAD_F_ONE) sample = MAD_F_ONE - 1;
else if (sample < -MAD_F_ONE) sample = -MAD_F_ONE;
return sample >> (MAD_F_FRACBITS + 1 - 16);
}
static enum mad_flow output(void *data, struct mad_header const *header, struct mad_pcm *pcm)
{
unsigned int nchannels, nsamples, n;
mad_fixed_t const *left_ch, *right_ch;
unsigned char Output[6912], *OutputPtr;
int fmt, wrote, speed;
nchannels = pcm->channels;
n = nsamples = pcm->length;
left_ch = pcm->samples[0];
right_ch = pcm->samples[1];
fmt = AFMT_S16_LE;
speed = pcm->samplerate * 2;
ioctl(sfd, SNDCTL_DSP_SPEED, &(speed));
ioctl(sfd, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT, &fmt);
ioctl(sfd, SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS, &(pcm->channels));
OutputPtr = Output;
while (nsamples--) {
signed int sample;
sample = scale(*left_ch++);
*(OutputPtr++) = sample >> 0;
*(OutputPtr++) = sample >> 8;
if (nchannels == 2) {
sample = scale(*right_ch++);
*(OutputPtr++) = sample >> 0;
*(OutputPtr++) = sample >> 8;
}
}
n *= 4;
OutputPtr = Output;
while (n) {
wrote = write(sfd, OutputPtr, n);
OutputPtr += wrote;
n -= wrote;
}
OutputPtr = Output;
return MAD_FLOW_CONTINUE;
}
static enum mad_flow error(void *data, struct mad_stream *stream, struct mad_frame *frame)
{
return MAD_FLOW_CONTINUE;
}
static int decode(unsigned char const *start, unsigned long length)
{
struct buffer buffer;
struct mad_decoder decoder;
int result;
buffer.start = start;
buffer.length = length;
mad_decoder_init(&decoder, &buffer, input, 0, 0, output, error, 0);
mad_decoder_options(&decoder, 0);
result = mad_decoder_run(&decoder, MAD_DECODER_MODE_SYNC);
mad_decoder_finish(&decoder);
return result;
}
snd_pcm_* API) 或 PulseAudio/PipeWire 替代 OSS (/dev/dsp)。mmap,避免記憶體壓力。stream->error 做更細緻的錯誤恢復 (如幀同步重試)。