C# WinForms 泛型集合實戰：員工打卡考勤系統

編輯：關於C語言

C# WinForms 泛型集合實戰：員工打卡考勤系統

本文演示使用 List<T> 和 Dictionary<K,V> 構建一個完整的員工管理與打卡考勤小系統，涵蓋 UI 設計、數據綁定、增刪改查、右鍵菜單交互、多窗體傳值等 WinForms 核心技術。

領域模型

// 員工實體
public class Employee {
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }
    public string Sex { get; set; }
    public int SignState { get; set; } // 0=未簽到, 1=已簽到, 2=已簽退
}

// 打卡記錄
public class SignRecord {
    public DateTime SignIn { get; set; }
    public DateTime SignOut { get; set; }
    public int EmployeeId { get; set; }
    public string EmployeeName { get; set; }
}

主窗體數據源

public partial class MainForm : Form {
    public List<Employee> Employees = new List<Employee>();
    public static Dictionary<string, SignRecord> SignRecords = new Dictionary<string, SignRecord>();
    // Key 為員工姓名，值為當日打卡記錄

    private void MainForm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) {
        // 初始化測試數據
        Employees.AddRange(new[] {
            new Employee { Id=111, Name="王小毛", Age=26, Sex="男" },
            new Employee { Id=112, Name="周新雨", Age=22, Sex="女" },
            new Employee { Id=113, Name="張燁", Age=30, Sex="男" }
        });
        dgvEmployees.DataSource = Employees;  // DataGridView 自動綁定屬性列
    }
}

新增員工（模態對話框 + 回調刷新）

// 主窗體按鈕
private void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
    using (var frm = new AddEmployeeForm()) {
        if (frm.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) {
            Employees.Add(frm.NewEmployee);
            RefreshGrid();
        }
    }
}

// AddEmployeeForm.cs
public Employee NewEmployee { get; private set; }
private void btnSave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
    NewEmployee = new Employee {
        Id = int.Parse(txtId.Text),
        Name = txtName.Text,
        Age = int.Parse(txtAge.Text),
        Sex = txtSex.Text
    };
    this.DialogResult = DialogResult.OK;
    this.Close();
}

修改員工（傳遞實體引用）

// 主窗體雙擊/右鍵修改
private void btnEdit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
    if (dgvEmployees.CurrentRow?.DataBoundItem is Employee emp) {
        using (var frm = new EditEmployeeForm(emp)) {  // 構造函數傳入實體
            frm.ShowDialog();
            RefreshGrid();  // 實體已被修改，直接刷新
        }
    }
}

// EditEmployeeForm.cs
private Employee _emp;
public EditEmployeeForm(Employee emp) { InitializeComponent(); _emp = emp; txtId.Text = emp.Id.ToString(); ... }
private void btnSave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
    _emp.Id = int.Parse(txtId.Text);
    _emp.Age = int.Parse(txtAge.Text);
    _emp.Sex = txtSex.Text;
    this.Close();
}

右鍵菜單：簽到 / 簽退

// 為 DataGridView 綁定 ContextMenuStrip (cmsSign)
private void cmsSign_ItemClicked(object sender, ToolStripItemClickedEventArgs e) {
    if (dgvEmployees.CurrentRow?.DataBoundItem is Employee emp) {
        string action = e.ClickedItem.Text; // "簽到" 或 "簽退"
        if (action == "簽到") DoSignIn(emp);
        else if (action == "簽退") DoSignOut(emp);
    }
}

private void DoSignIn(Employee emp) {
    if (emp.SignState != 0) { MessageBox.Show("已簽到，不可重複操作"); return; }
    SignRecords[emp.Name] = new SignRecord { EmployeeId=emp.Id, EmployeeName=emp.Name, SignIn=DateTime.Now };
    emp.SignState = 1;
    MessageBox.Show("簽到成功！");
    RefreshGrid();
}

private void DoSignOut(Employee emp) {
    if (emp.SignState != 1) { MessageBox.Show("未簽到或已簽退"); return; }
    if (SignRecords.TryGetValue(emp.Name, out var rec)) rec.SignOut = DateTime.Now;
    emp.SignState = 2;
    MessageBox.Show("簽退成功！");
    RefreshGrid();
}

打卡記錄查看

private void btnViewRecords_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
    var list = SignRecords.Values.Select(r => new {
        r.EmployeeName, r.SignIn, r.SignOut, Duration = r.SignOut - r.SignIn
    }).ToList();
    dgvRecords.DataSource = list;
}