用 C# 獲取 CPU 編號、硬碟編號等系統環境屬性

概述

整理 C# 獲取系統環境與屬性的常用方法，提供參考。需定義結構體供 DllImport 回傳參數。

結構體定義

CpuInfo.cs

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct CpuInfo {
    public uint dwOemId;           // OEM ID
    public uint dwPageSize;        // 頁面大小
    public uint lpMinimumApplicationAddress;
    public uint lpMaximumApplicationAddress;
    public uint dwActiveProcessorMask;
    public uint dwNumberOfProcessors; // CPU 個數
    public uint dwProcessorType;   // CPU 類型
    public uint dwAllocationGranularity;
    public uint dwProcessorLevel;  // CPU 等級
    public uint dwProcessorRevision;
}

MemoryInfo.cs

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct MemoryInfo {
    public uint dwLength;
    public uint dwMemoryLoad;      // 已使用記憶體
    public uint dwTotalPhys;       // 總物理記憶體
    public uint dwAvailPhys;       // 可用物理記憶體
    public uint dwTotalPageFile;   // 交換檔總大小
    public uint dwAvailPageFile;   // 可用交換檔
    public uint dwTotalVirtual;    // 總虛擬記憶體
    public uint dwAvailVirtual;    // 可用虛擬記憶體
}

SystemTimeInfo.cs

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct SystemTimeInfo {
    public ushort wYear; wMonth; wDayOfWeek; wDay; wHour; wMinute; wSecond; wMilliseconds;
}

SystemInfo.cs 調用類

P/Invoke 系統 API 並封裝 WMI 查詢：

public class SystemInfo {
    private const int CHAR_COUNT = 128;

    [DllImport("kernel32")] private static extern void GetWindowsDirectory(StringBuilder WinDir, int count);
    [DllImport("kernel32")] private static extern void GetSystemDirectory(StringBuilder SysDir, int count);
    [DllImport("kernel32")] private static extern void GetSystemInfo(ref CpuInfo cpuInfo);
    [DllImport("kernel32")] private static extern void GlobalMemoryStatus(ref MemoryInfo memInfo);
    [DllImport("kernel32")] private static extern void GetSystemTime(ref SystemTimeInfo sysInfo);

    // WMI 查詢 CPU ID
    public string GetCpuId() {
        ManagementClass mClass = new ManagementClass("Win32_Processor");
        foreach (ManagementObject mo in mClass.GetInstances()) {
            return mo.Properties["ProcessorId"].Value.ToString();
        }
        return null;
    }

    // WMI 查詢硬碟序號
    public string GetMainHardDiskId() {
        ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_PhysicalMedia");
        foreach (ManagementObject mo in searcher.Get()) {
            return mo["SerialNumber"].ToString().Trim();
        }
        return null;
    }

    public string GetWinDirectory() { var sb = new StringBuilder(CHAR_COUNT); GetWindowsDirectory(sb, CHAR_COUNT); return sb.ToString(); }
    public string GetSysDirectory() { var sb = new StringBuilder(CHAR_COUNT); GetSystemDirectory(sb, CHAR_COUNT); return sb.ToString(); }
    public CpuInfo GetCpuInfo() { var ci = new CpuInfo(); GetSystemInfo(ref ci); return ci; }
    public MemoryInfo GetMemoryInfo() { var mi = new MemoryInfo(); GlobalMemoryStatus(ref mi); return mi; }
    public SystemTimeInfo GetSystemTimeInfo() { var st = new SystemTimeInfo(); GetSystemTime(ref st); return st; }

    public string GetOperationSystemInName() {
        OperatingSystem os = Environment.OSVersion;
        string osName = "UNKNOWN";
        switch (os.Platform) {
            case PlatformID.Win32Windows:
                switch (os.Version.Minor) { case 0: osName = "Windows 95"; break; case 10: osName = "Windows 98"; break; case 90: osName = "Windows ME"; break; }
                break;
            case PlatformID.Win32NT:
                switch (os.Version.Major) {
                    case 3: osName = "Windows NT 3.51"; break;
                    case 4: osName = "Windows NT 4"; break;
                    case 5:
                        if (os.Version.Minor == 0) osName = "Windows 2000";
                        else if (os.Version.Minor == 1) osName = "Windows XP";
                        else if (os.Version.Minor == 2) osName = "Windows Server 2003";
                        break;
                    case 6: osName = "Longhorn"; break;
                }
                break;
        }
        return string.Format("{0},{1}", osName, os.Version);
    }
}

調用範例

ASPX 頁面輸出（WinForm 同理）：

SystemInfo si = new SystemInfo();
Response.Write("作業系統：" + si.GetOperationSystemInName() + "<br>");
Response.Write("CPU編號：" + si.GetCpuId() + "<br>");
Response.Write("硬碟編號：" + si.GetMainHardDiskId() + "<br>");
// ... 輸出記憶體、CPU 詳細資訊

前台無需控件，直接輸出。