C# 使用 WMI 取得 MAC 位址、CPU 序號、硬碟序號等硬體資訊

核心命名空間

System.Management 提供 ManagementObjectSearcher 查詢 WMI 類別：

• Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration → MAC 位址 (僅 IPEnabled=true 的實體網卡)
• Win32_Processor → ProcessorId (CPU 序號)
• Win32_DiskDrive → SerialNumber (硬碟序號)，Model (型號)
• Win32_BaseBoard → SerialNumber (主機板序號)
• Win32_BIOS → SerialNumber (BIOS 序號)

完整工具類別

using System;
using System.Management;
using System.Text;

public static class HardwareInfo
{
    /// 
取得第一張啟用 IP 的網卡 MAC 位址 (不含分隔符)
    public static string GetMacAddress()
    {
        using var mc = new ManagementClass("Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration");
        foreach (ManagementObject mo in mc.GetInstances())
        {
            if ((bool)mo["IPEnabled"])
            {
                string mac = mo["MacAddress"]?.ToString().Replace(":", "").Replace("-", "");
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(mac)) return mac;
            }
        }
        return string.Empty;
    }

    /// 
取得 CPU 序號 (ProcessorId)
    public static string GetCpuId()
    {
        using var mc = new ManagementClass("Win32_Processor");
        foreach (ManagementObject mo in mc.GetInstances())
        {
            string id = mo["ProcessorId"]?.ToString().Trim();
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(id)) return id;
        }
        return string.Empty;
    }

    /// 
取得第一顆實體硬碟序號
    public static string GetDiskSerial()
    {
        using var searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT SerialNumber FROM Win32_DiskDrive WHERE MediaType LIKE '%Fixed%'");
        foreach (ManagementObject mo in searcher.Get())
        {
            string sn = mo["SerialNumber"]?.ToString().Trim();
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(sn)) return sn;
        }
        return string.Empty;
    }

    /// 
取得主機板序號
    public static string GetBoardSerial()
    {
        using var searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT SerialNumber FROM Win32_BaseBoard");
        foreach (ManagementObject mo in searcher.Get())
        {
            string sn = mo["SerialNumber"]?.ToString().Trim();
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(sn)) return sn;
        }
        return string.Empty;
    }

    /// 
一次取得所有關鍵硬體 ID，適合授權綁定
    public static string GetCompositeHardwareId()
    {
        var sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.Append("CPU:").Append(GetCpuId()).Append('|');
        sb.Append("MAC:").Append(GetMacAddress()).Append('|');
        sb.Append("DISK:").Append(GetDiskSerial()).Append('|');
        sb.Append("BOARD:").Append(GetBoardSerial());
        return sb.ToString();
    }
}

使用範例

Console.WriteLine("MAC:    " + HardwareInfo.GetMacAddress());
Console.WriteLine("CPU ID: " + HardwareInfo.GetCpuId());
Console.WriteLine("Disk SN:" + HardwareInfo.GetDiskSerial());
Console.WriteLine("Board SN:" + HardwareInfo.GetBoardSerial());
Console.WriteLine("Composite ID: " + HardwareInfo.GetCompositeHardwareId());

權限與部署注意事項

替代方案：不依賴 WMI

• NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces() (System.Net.NetworkInformation) → 取得 MAC，速度較快、無需管理員權限。
• System.Management.Automation (PowerShell SDK) → 執行 Get-CimInstance，效能優於傳統 WMI。
• P/Invoke GetVolumeInformation → 取得邏輯磁碟區序號 (非實體硬碟序號)，但無需 WMI。