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C語言職工信息管理系統完整實現：鏈表存儲、增刪查改、文件持久化

編輯：C 語言問答

數據結構設計


typedef struct Worker {
    int id;
    char name[20];
    char sex[4];
    int age;
    char edu[20];
    double salary;
    char addr[50];
    char phone[15];
    struct Worker *next;
} Worker;

Worker *head = NULL;  // 單向鏈表頭指標

核心功能模組

1. 讀取文件初始化


void load_from_file(const char *filename) {
    FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "rb");
    if (!fp) return;
    Worker tmp;
    while (fread(&tmp, sizeof(Worker), 1, fp) == 1) {
        Worker *n = malloc(sizeof(Worker));
        *n = tmp; n->next = NULL;
        // 尾插法
        if (!head) head = n;
        else { Worker *p = head; while (p->next) p = p->next; p->next = n; }
    }
    fclose(fp);
}

2. 保存文件


void save_to_file(const char *filename) {
    FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "wb");
    if (!fp) return;
    for (Worker *p = head; p; p = p->next)
        fwrite(p, sizeof(Worker), 1, fp);
    fclose(fp);
}

3. 新增 (ID 唯一檢查)


int add_worker() {
    Worker *n = malloc(sizeof(Worker));
    printf("ID: "); scanf("%d", &n->id);
    for (Worker *p = head; p; p = p->next)
        if (p->id == n->id) { free(n); puts("ID 已存在"); return 0; }
    printf("姓名: "); scanf("%19s", n->name);
    printf("性別: "); scanf("%3s", n->sex);
    printf("年齡: "); scanf("%d", &n->age);
    printf("學歷: "); scanf("%19s", n->edu);
    printf("工資: "); scanf("%lf", &n->salary);
    printf("地址: "); scanf("%49s", n->addr);
    printf("電話: "); scanf("%14s", n->phone);
    n->next = head; head = n;  // 頭插法
    puts("添加成功");
    return 1;
}

4. 遍歷顯示


void list_workers() {
    printf("%-6s %-10s %-4s %-4s %-10s %-10s %-20s %-15s\n",
           "ID", "姓名", "性別", "年齡", "學歷", "工資", "地址", "電話");
    for (Worker *p = head; p; p = p->next) {
        printf("%-6d %-10s %-4s %-4d %-10s %-10.2f %-20s %-15s\n",
               p->id, p->name, p->sex, p->age, p->edu, p->salary, p->addr, p->phone);
    }
}

5. 查詢 (ID/姓名)


Worker* find_by_id(int id) {
    for (Worker *p = head; p; p = p->next)
        if (p->id == id) return p;
    return NULL;
}

Worker* find_by_name(const char *name) {
    for (Worker *p = head; p; p = p->next)
        if (strcmp(p->name, name) == 0) return p;
    return NULL;
}

6. 刪除 (按 ID)


int delete_by_id(int id) {
    Worker **pp = &head;  // 指向指標的指標，統一處理頭節點
    while (*pp) {
        if ((*pp)->id == id) {
            Worker *tmp = *pp;
            *pp = (*pp)->next;
            free(tmp);
            puts("刪除成功");
            return 1;
        }
        pp = &(*pp)->next;
    }
    puts("未找到該 ID");
    return 0;
}

主選單循環


int main() {
    load_from_file("workers.dat");
    int choice;
    while (1) {
        puts("\n1.添加 2.列表 3.ID查詢 4.姓名查詢 5.刪除 0.退出");
        printf("選擇: ");
        if (scanf("%d", &choice) != 1) break;
        switch (choice) {
            case 1: add_worker(); break;
            case 2: list_workers(); break;
            case 3: { int id; scanf("%d", &id); Worker *p=find_by_id(id); if(p) printf("找到: %s\n", p->name); else puts("無"); } break;
            case 4: { char name[20]; scanf("%19s", name); Worker *p=find_by_name(name); if(p) printf("找到: ID=%d\n", p->id); else puts("無"); } break;
            case 5: { int id; scanf("%d", &id); delete_by_id(id); } break;
            case 0: save_to_file("workers.dat"); puts("數據已保存，再見！"); return 0;
            default: puts("無效選項");
        }
    }
    return 0;
}