ASP.NET Crystal Reports 完整應用指南：Pull vs Push 模式、StrongTyped vs UnTyped、登入資訊動態設定

兩大執行模式比較

兩種報表類型

• StrongTyped (強型別)：將 .rpt 加入專案 → 自動產生繼承 ReportClass 的類別 → var rpt = new MyReport(); 智慧提示、型別安全
• UnTyped (非強型別)：報表檔獨立部署 → 使用 ReportDocument 動態載入 → rpt.Load(path) 靈活、支援執行時切換報表

Pull 模式完整實作

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (!IsPostBack)
    {
        LoadPullReport();
    }
}

private void LoadPullReport()
{
    var reportDoc = new ReportDocument();
    string rptPath = Server.MapPath("~/Reports/SalesReport.rpt");
    reportDoc.Load(rptPath);

    // 關鍵：動態設定資料庫登入資訊 (解決部署環境連線字串不同)
    ConfigureDatabaseLogon(reportDoc);

    CrystalReportViewer1.ReportSource = reportDoc;
    CrystalReportViewer1.DataBind();
}

private void ConfigureDatabaseLogon(ReportDocument reportDoc)
{
    // 從 Web.config 讀取連線資訊
    string server = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["DB_Server"];
    string database = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["DB_Name"];
    string user = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["DB_User"];
    string pwd = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["DB_Pwd"];

    var logonInfo = new TableLogOnInfo
    {
        ConnectionInfo = 
        {
            ServerName = server,
            DatabaseName = database,
            UserID = user,
            Password = pwd,
            // 整合驗證時設定 IntegratedSecurity = true
        }
    };

    // 套用至報表中所有資料表
    foreach (Table table in reportDoc.Database.Tables)
    {
        table.ApplyLogOnInfo(logonInfo);
    }
}

Push 模式完整實作

private void LoadPushReport()
{
    // 1. 定義報表需求的 DataSet 結構 (需與 .rpt 定義的 XSD 完全一致)
    DataSet ds = GetReportData(); // 自行實作查詢邏輯

    // 2. 載入報表
    var reportDoc = new ReportDocument();
    string rptPath = Server.MapPath("~/Reports/SalesReport_Push.rpt");
    reportDoc.Load(rptPath);

    // 3. 設定資料來源
    reportDoc.SetDataSource(ds); // 或 reportDoc.SetDataSource(ds.Tables["MainTable"]);

    // 4. 繫結顯示
    CrystalReportViewer1.ReportSource = reportDoc;
    CrystalReportViewer1.DataBind();
}

private DataSet GetReportData()
{
    string connStr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["Default"].ConnectionString;
    string sql = @"
        SELECT OrderId, CustomerName, OrderDate, TotalAmount, Status
        FROM Orders 
        WHERE OrderDate BETWEEN @Start AND @End";

    using (var conn = new SqlConnection(connStr))
    using (var da = new SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn))
    {
        da.SelectCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Start", DateTime.Today.AddMonths(-1));
        da.SelectCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@End", DateTime.Today);
        
        DataSet ds = new DataSet();
        da.Fill(ds, "Orders"); // TableName 必須與 .rpt 定義一致
        return ds;
    }
}

關鍵技術細節

1. 解決「資料庫登入失敗」通用方案

// 遞迴處理子報表
private void ApplyLogOnToAll(ReportDocument reportDoc, TableLogOnInfo logonInfo)
{
    foreach (Table table in reportDoc.Database.Tables)
    {
        table.ApplyLogOnInfo(logonInfo);
    }
    foreach (ReportDocument subReport in reportDoc.Subreports)
    {
        ApplyLogOnToAll(subReport, logonInfo);
    }
}

2. 匯出 PDF/Excel/Word 程式碼

protected void BtnExportPdf_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    var reportDoc = new ReportDocument();
    reportDoc.Load(Server.MapPath("~/Reports/Invoice.rpt"));
    ConfigureDatabaseLogon(reportDoc);
    
    // 設定參數 (若報表有參數)
    reportDoc.SetParameterValue("@CustomerId", 12345);
    
    Stream stream = reportDoc.ExportToStream(ExportFormatType.PortableDocFormat);
    stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
    
    Response.Clear();
    Response.ContentType = "application/pdf";
    Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=Invoice.pdf");
    Response.BinaryWrite(stream.ToArray());
    Response.End();
}

3. 報表參數傳遞

// .rpt 設計時建立參數 @DateFrom, @DateTo
reportDoc.SetParameterValue("@DateFrom", DateTime.Today.AddDays(-30));
reportDoc.SetParameterValue("@DateTo", DateTime.Today);

部署與授權注意事項

現代替代方案建議

考慮到 Crystal Reports 授權成本、部署複雜度、.NET Core 不支援，新專案建議評估：

• 開源：NReco.PdfGenerator (HTML 轉 PDF)、QuestPDF (程式化版面)、FastReport Open Source
• 商業：Stimulsoft、Telerik Reporting、Bold Reports (支援 .NET Core/5/6/7/8)
• 雲端：Azure SQL Reporting、AWS QuickSight 嵌入式分析